Insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, and the risk of esophageal cancer in a nested case-control study

Table 1 Selected baseline characteristics of case and control group n (%)

	Cases	Controls	P value
Number of subjects	31	86
Age	61.5 ± 7.3	61.3 ± 7.2	0.811
Male	25 (80.6)	75 (87.2)	0.3831
Height	162.5 ± 10.5	161.5 ± 5.3	0.495
Weight	57.0 ± 12.9	59.0 ± 9.1	0.352
BMI (kg/m2)	21.5 ± 4.2	22.7 ± 3.1	0.112
Cigarette smoking	30	77	0.3841
Never	6 (20.0)	25 (32.5)
Past	5 (16.7)	14 (18.2)
Current	19 (63.3)	38 (49.3)
Alcohol intake	29	84	0.4101
Never	6 (20.7)	21 (25.0)
Past	3 (10.3)	3 (3.6)
Current	20 (69.0)	60 (71.4)
IGF1	122.4 ± 59.9	140.8 ± 59.8	0.145
IGFBP3	2.82 ± 0.95	3.30 ± 0.97	0.020

¹Fisher’s exact test. IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP3: IGF-binding protein-3.

Table 2 Odds ratios and 95%CI for esophageal cancer with reference to serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3

	Tertile			P value
	1 (referent)	2	3
IGF1
ng/mL (range)	< 120	120-150	> 150
No. of case/control	17/27	8/33	6/26
OR (95%CI)	1	0.300 (0.098-0.913)	0.263 (0.068-1.011)	0.036
OR adjusted 1 (95%CI)	1	0.292 (0.087-0.982)	0.265 (0.064-1.092)	0.052
OR adjusted 2 (95%CI)	1	0.281 (0.077-1.023)	0.387 (0.071-2.112)	0.247
OR adjusted 3 (95%CI)	1	0.298 (0.080-1.109)	0.417 (0.074-2.348)	0.249
IGFBP3
ng/mL (range)	< 2.88	2.88-3.55	> 3.55
No. of case/control	18/30	9/27	4/29
OR (95%CI)	1	0.518 (0.171-1.564)	0.133 (0.023-0.786)	0.024
OR adjusted 1 (95%CI)	1	0.527 (0.155-1.792)	0.137 (0.021-0.911)	0.042
OR adjusted 4 (95%CI)	1	0.914 (0.241-3.468)	0.182 (0.025-1.329)	0.140
OR adjusted 5 (95%CI)	1	0.853 (0.210-3.468)	0.192 (0.023-1.585)	0.196

Adjusted 1: Adjusted for cigarette smoking, BMI, and alcohol intake; Adjusted 2: Adjusted for IGFBP3; Adjusted 3: Adjusted for cigarette smoking, BMI, alcohol intake, and IGFBP3; Adjusted 4: Adjusted for IGF1; Adjusted 5: Adjusted for cigarette smoking, BMI, alcohol intake, and IGF1.

Table 3 Odds ratios and 95%CI for esophageal cancer according to molar ratio and difference of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3

	Tertile			P value
	1 (referent)	2	3
IGF1/IGFBP3
Molar ratio	< 0.137	0.137-0.177	> 0.177
No. of case/control	9/29	11/28	11/29
OR (95%CI)	1	1.733 (0.517-5.851)	2.127 (0.554-8.164)	0.273
OR adjusted (95%CI)	1	1.486 (0.416-5.309)	1.810 (0.453-7.226)	0.408
IGFBP3-IGF1
Molar difference	< 87.77	87.77-108.14	> 108.14
No. of case/control	18/29	9/28	4/29
OR (95%CI)	1	0.432 (0.137-1.262)	0.107 (0.017-0.669)	0.015
OR adjusted (95%CI)	1	0.380 (0.115-1.250)	0.100 (0.015-0.674)	0.015

Adjusted: Adjusted for cigarette smoking, BMI, and alcohol intake.

Table 4 Odds ratios and 95%CI for esophageal cancer according to molar difference of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (subgroup)

	Tertile			P value
	1 (referent)	2	3
Molar difference	< 87.77	87.77-108.14	> 108.14
Male
No. of case/control	15 / 28	7/22	3/25
OR (95%CI)	1	0.339 (0.085-1.349)	0.044 (0.004-0.527)	0.011
OR adjusted (95%CI)	1	0.186 (0.034-1.015)	0.022 (0.001-0.319)	0.004
≤ 65 years old
No. of case/control	11/14	7/21	3/27
OR (95%CI)	1	0.260 (0.052-1.300)	0.031 (0.025-0.400)	0.007
OR adjusted (95%CI)	1	0.226 (0.042-1.224)	0.028 (0.002-0.389)	0.007

Adjusted: Adjusted for cigarette smoking, BMI, and alcohol intake.