Wu ZC, Xiong L, Wang LX, Miao XY, Liu ZR, Li DQ, Zou Q, Liu KJ, Zhao H, Yang ZL. Comparative study of ROR2 and WNT5a expression in squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(14): 2601-2612 [PMID: 28465645 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2601]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dr. Zhu-Lin Yang, Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Rd., Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China. 4896142@qq.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Clinical Trials Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2017; 23(14): 2601-2612 Published online Apr 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2601
Table 1 Comparison of the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas with the expression of ROR2 and WNT5a n (%)
Clinicopathologic characteristic
SC/ASC,n = 46
AC,n = 80
χ2
P value
Sex
Male
19 (41.3)
26 (32.5)
0.986
0.352
Female
27 (58.7)
54 (67.5)
Age, yr
≤ 45
3 (6.5)
16 (20.0)
4.143
0.042
> 45
43 (93.5)
64 (80.0)
Degree of differentiation
High
16 (34.8)
27 (33.8)
8.515
0.014
Moderate
24 (52.2)
25 (31.3)
Poor
6 (13.0)
28 (35.0)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3
20 (43.5)
50 (62.5)
4.280
0.039
> 3
26 (56.5)
30 (37.5)
Gallstones
No
18 (39.1)
42 (52.5)
2.093
0.148
Yes
28 (60.9)
38 (47.5)
TNM stage
I + II
12 (26.1)
21 (26.3)
0.287
0.866
III
20 (33.5)
38 (47.5)
IV
14 (30.4)
21 (26.3)
Lymph node metastasis
No
17 (37.0)
30 (37.5)
0.004
0.952
Yes
29 (63.0)
50 (62.5)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No
16 (34.8)
31 (38.8)
0.197
0.658
Yes
30 (62.5)
49 (61.3)
Surgical procedure
Radical
14 (30.4)
26 (32.5)
0.215
0.898
Palliative
18 (39.1)
28 (35.0)
Unresected
14 (30.4)
26 (32.5)
Average survival time
10.07 (4-25)
10.34 (3-27)
0.014
0.906
ROR2
-
20 (43.5)
29 (36.2)
0.642
0.386
+
26 (56.5)
51 (63.8)
WNT5a
-
17 (37.0)
31 (38.7)
0.040
0.858
+
29 (63.0)
49 (61.3)
Table 2 Relationship of ROR2 and WNT5a expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma n (%)
Pathologic characteristic
Number of cases
ROR2
WNT5a
Positive cases
χ2
P value
Positive cases
χ2
P value
Pathological type
Squamous carcinoma
26
16 (61.5)
0.612
0.434
17 (65.4)
0.141
0.708
Adenosquamous carcinoma
20
10 (50.0)
12 (60.0)
Differentiation
High
16
5 (31.3)
9.123
0.010
8 (50.0)
1.827
0.401
Moderate
24
15 (62.5)
17 (70.8)
Poor
6
6 (100.0)
4 (66.7)
Maximal diameter of the mass in cm
≤ 3
20
7 (35.0)
6.669
0.010
9 (45.0)
4.945
0.026
≥ 3
26
19 (73.1)
20 (76.9)
Gallstones
No
18
11 (61.1)
0.253
0.615
12 (66.7)
0.167
0.683
Yes
28
15 (53.6)
17 (60.7)
TNM stage
I + II
12
4 (33.3)
4 (33.3)
III
20
10 (50.0)
7.824
0.023
14 (70.0)
6.411
0.041
IV
14
12 (85.7)
11 (78.6)
Lymph node metastasis
No
17
5 (29.4)
8.065
0.005
7 (41.2)
6.720
0.010
Yes
29
21 (72.4)
22 (75.9)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No
16
5 (31.3)
6.376
0.011
7 (43.8)
3.920
0.048
Yes
30
21 (70.0)
22 (73.3)
Surgical procedure
Radical
14
4 (28.6)
7.374
0.022
5 (35.7)
77.677
0.019
Palliative
18
11 (61.1)
12 (66.7)
Unresected
14
11 (78.6)
12 (85.7)
Table 3 Relationship of ROR2 and WNT5a expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder adenocarcinomas n (%)
Pathologic characteristic
Number of cases
ROR2
WNT5a
Positive cases
χ2
P value
Positive cases
χ2
P value
Differentiation
High
27
12 (44.0)
10.352
0.002
11 (40.7)
8.404
0.015
Moderate
25
15 (60.0)
16 (64.0)
Poor
28
24 (85.7)
22 (78.6)
Maximal diameter of the mass in cm
≤ 3
50
26 (52.0)
7.966
0.004
26 (52.0)
4.807
0.029
> 3
30
25 (83.3)
23 (76.7)
Gallstones
No
42
26 (61.9)
0.13
0.718
26 (61.9)
0.016
0.899
Yes
38
25 (65.8)
23 (60.5)
TNM stage
I + II
21
7 (33.3)
7 (33.3)
III
38
25 (65.8)
14.968
0
24 (63.2)
12.248
0.002
IV
21
19 (90.5)
18 (85.7)
Lymph node metastasis
No
30
12 (40.0)
11.716
0.001
12 (40.0)
9.132
0.003
Yes
50
39 (78.0)
37 (74.0)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No
31
13 (41.9)
10.422
0.002
12 (38.7)
10.834
0.001
Yes
49
38 (77.6)
37 (75.5)
Surgical procedure
Radical
26
10 (38.5)
12.296
0.002
10 (38.5)
11.68
0.003
Palliative
28
19 (67.9)
17 (60.7)
Unresected
26
22 (84.6)
22 (84.6)
Table 4 Relationship of squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma clinicopathological parameters and ROR2 and WNT5a expression with average survival
Grouping
Number of cases, n
Average survival in mo
χ2
P value
Sex
Male
19
10.74 (6-24)
0.767
0.381
Female
27
9.85 (4-24)
Age, yr
≤ 45
3
15.67 (8-24)
2.023
0.155
> 45
43
9.84 (4-25)
Pathological type
Squamous carcinoma
26
10.19 (4-24)
0.223
0.637
Adenosquamous carcinoma
20
10.25 (4-24)
Degree of differentiation
High
16
13.81 (5-24)
19.125
0.000
Moderate
24
8.92 (4-18)
Poor
6
5.83 (4-9)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3
20
14.35 (7-24)
31.337
0.000
> 3
26
7.04 (4-11)
Gallstones
No
18
8.22 (4-12)
3.730
0.053
Yes
28
11.50 (4-24)
TNM stage
I + II
12
17.00 (9-24)
51.139
0.000
III
20
9.20 (7-15)
IV
14
5.86 (4-8)
Lymph node metastasis
No
17
14.24 (4-24)
16.219
0.000
Yes
29
7.86 (4-15)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No
16
15.75 (9-24)
32.271
0.000
Yes
30
7.27 (4-12)
Surgical procedure
Radical
14
16.64 (10-24)
50.165
0.000
Palliative
18
8.50 (6-12)
Unresected
14
6.00 (4-8)
ROR2
-
20
13.65 (6-24)
16.502
0.000
+
26
7.58 (4-15)
WNT5a
-
17
13.77 (6-24)
10.844
0.001
+
29
8.14 (4-15)
Table 5 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for survival of patients with gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma
Grouping
Factor
B
SE
Wald
P value
RR
95%CI
Lower
Upper
Pathological type
SC/ASC
0.094
0.346
0.074
0.786
1.099
0.558
2.164
Degree of differentiation
High/Moderate/Poor
0.833
0.369
5.096
0.024
2.300
1.116
4.741
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3/> 3
2.374
0.743
10.209
0.001
10.740
2.504
46.075
Gallstones
No/Yes
0.641
0.420
2.329
0.127
1.898
0.833
4.324
TNM stage
I + II/III/IV
1.362
0.476
8.187
0.004
3.904
1.536
9.924
Lymph node metastasis
No/Yes
1.792
0.564
10.095
0.001
6.011
1.987
18.128
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No/Yes
2.648
0.782
11.466
0.001
14.126
3.050
65.413
Surgical procedure
Radical/Palliative/Unresected
1.104
0.481
5.268
0.022
3.016
1.175
7.743
ROR2
-/+
1.623
0.674
5.799
0.016
5.068
1.353
18.992
WNT5a
-/+
1.231
0.489
6.337
0.012
3.425
1.313
8.930
Table 6 Relationship of the adenocarcinomas’ clinicopathological parameters and ROR2 and WNT5a expression with average survival
Grouping
Number of cases, n
Average survival in mo
χ2
P value
Sex
Male
26
9.58 (3-24)
2.567
0.109
Female
54
11.30 (3-24)
Age, yr
≤ 45
16
10.81 (4-24)
0.003
0.956
> 45
64
10.72 (3-24)
Degree of differentiation
High
27
15.07 (5-24)
32.501
0.000
Moderate
25
10.60 (4-24)
Poor
28
6.68 (3-14)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3
50
13.70 (6-24)
68.283
0.000
> 3
30
5.80 (3-10)
Gallstones
No
42
10.19 (3-24)
0.246
0.620
Yes
38
11.34 (4-24)
TNM stage
I + II
21
18.96 (5-24)
105.825
0.000
III
38
9.29 (6-15)
IV
21
5.14 (3-7)
Lymph node metastasis
No
30
16.27 (4-24)
42.372
0.000
Yes
50
7.42 (3-14)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No
31
16.68 (7-24)
55.535
0.000
Yes
49
6.98 (3-11)
Surgical procedure
Radical
26
18.31 (10-24)
113.141
0.000
Palliative
28
8.64 (6-11)
Unresected
26
5.42 (3-9)
ROR2
-
29
15.93 (6-24)
32.994
0.000
+
51
7.78 (3-19)
WNT5a
-
31
15.48 (4-24)
31.654
0.002
+
49
7.74 (3-18)
Table 7 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for survival of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinomas
Grouping
Factor
B
SE
Wald
P value
RR
95%CI
Lower
Upper
Degree of differentiation
High/Moderate/Poor
1.097
0.496
4.982
0.027
2.995
1.133
7.918
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3/> 3
0.985
0.463
4.526
0.033
2.678
1.081
6.636
Gallstones
No/Yes
0.412
0.381
1.169
0.280
1.510
0.716
3.186
TNM stage
I + II/III/IV
1.396
0.459
9.250
0.002
4.039
1.643
9.931
Lymph node metastasis
No/Yes
1.351
0.465
8.441
0.004
3.861
1.552
9.606
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No/Yes
1.644
0.583
7.952
0.005
5.176
1.651
16.227
Surgical procedure
Radical/Palliative/ Unresected
1.737
0.531
10.701
0.001
5.680
2.006
16.083
ROR2
-/+
2.023
0.674
9.009
0.003
7.561
2.018
28.333
WNT5a
-/+
1.931
0.649
8.853
0.003
6.896
1.933
24.607
Citation: Wu ZC, Xiong L, Wang LX, Miao XY, Liu ZR, Li DQ, Zou Q, Liu KJ, Zhao H, Yang ZL. Comparative study of ROR2 and WNT5a expression in squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(14): 2601-2612