possible role of soluble fibrin monomer complex after gastroenterological surgery

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients n (%)

Characteristic	n = 123
Age, median (range)	67 (32-89)
Sex, Female	55 (45)
BMI (kg/m2), median (range)	22.8 (15.2-33.2)
Performance status
0-2	119 (97)
3-4	4 (3)
Surgical procedure
Gastrectomy	32 (26)
Small bowel resection	5 (4)
Colectomy	45 (36)
Proctectomy	32 (26)
Stoma closure	2 (2)
Others	7 (6)
Surgical technique
Laparoscopic surgery	86 (70)
Operative time (min), median (range)	319 (74-795)
Bleeding volume (ml), median (range)	70 (5-4135)
Clinical risk factors for VTE
Malignancy	118 (96)
Metastatic disease	16 (13)
Diabetes mellitus	16 (13)
Varicose vein	1 (0.8)
Hormone therapy	4 (3)
CV catheter	4 (3)
Preoperative infection	7 (6)
Cardiovascular disease	6 (5)
Antiplatelet therapy	10 (8)
Pelvic surgery	22 (18)
Previous history of VTE	0

BMI: Body mass index; CV: Central vein; VTE: Venous thromboembolism.

Table 2 The relationship between the D-dimer level on POD 7 and the clinical characteristics of patients who did not receive anticoagulant therapy

Clinical risk factors for VTE	D-dimer (POD 7)		Univariate	Multivariate
	Low(< 6.45)	High(≥6.45)	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age
< 75	37	26	< 0.01	2.48	0.70-9.21	0.15
≥ 75	7	18
Sex
Male	20	21	0.83
Female	24	23
Performance status
0-2	43	43	1.00
3-4	1	1
Operative time (min)
< 321	32	19	< 0.01	2.09	0.64-6.92	0.21
≥ 321	12	25
Bleeding volume (mL)
< 113	35	28	0.09
≥ 113	9	16
Laparoscopic surgery
No	11	16	0.24
Yes	33	28
Malignancy
Absence	2	3	0.64
Presence	42	41
Metastatic disease
Absence	38	39	0.74
Presence	6	5
Diabetes mellitus
Absence	39	39	1.00
Presence	5	5
Hormone therapy
Absence	43	43	1.00
Presence	1	1
CV catheter
Absence	42	43	0.55
Presence	2	1
Preoperative infection
Absence	42	41	0.64
Presence	2	3
Antiplatelet therapy
Absence	41	40	0.69
Presence	3	4
Pelvic surgery
Absence	41	41	1.00
Presence	3	3
Caprini score
< 7	24	15	0.05
≥ 7	20	29
Fibrin-related markers
D-dimer (μg/mL) < 0.6	17	12	0.11
Preoperative ≥ 0.6	13	21
D-dimer (μg/mL) < 3.8	33	11	< 0.01	2.88	0.56-14.82	0.19
POD1 ≥ 3.8	11	33
FDP (μg/mL) < 10.1	38	18	< 0.01	1.42	0.25-7.65	0.68
POD1 ≥ 10.1	6	26
TAT (ng/mL) POD1
< 8.3	34	12	< 0.01	1.83	0.44-7.27	0.39
≥ 8.3	10	32
SFMC (μg/mL) < 3.8	39	16	< 0.01	4.31	1.10-18.30	0.03
POD1 ≥ 3.8	5	28

VTE: Venous thromboembolism; CV: Central vein; FDP: Fibrin degradation products; TAT: Thrombin antithrombin complex; SFMC: Soluble fibrin monomer complex; POD: Postoperative day.

Table 3 The relationship between the soluble fibrin monomer complex on POD 1 and the clinical characteristics of the patients

Clinical risk factors for VTE	SFMC (POD 1)		Univariate	Multivariate
	Low(< 3.8)	High(≥ 3.8)	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age
< 75	59	27	0.01	2.44	1.07-5.66	0.03
≥ 75	16	21
Sex
Male	45	23	0.18
Female	30	25
BMI (kg/m2)
< 27	71	47	0.37
≥ 27	4	1
Performance status
0-2	73	46	0.64
3-4	2	2
Operative time (min)
< 321	45	18	0.01	2.33	1.08-5.12	0.02
≥ 321	30	30
Bleeding volume (mL)
< 113	47	28	0.63
≥ 113	28	20
Laparoscopic surgery
No	25	12	0.32
Yes	50	36
Malignancy
Absence	5	0	0.06
Presence	70	48
Metastatic disease
Absence	65	42	0.89
Presence	10	6
Diabetes mellitus
Absence	67	40	0.33
Presence	8	8
Varicose vein
Absence	75	47	0.2
Presence	0	1
Hormone therapy
Absence	72	47	0.55
Presence	3	1
CV catheter
Absence	72	47	0.55
Presence	3	1
Preoperative infection
Absence	71	45	0.83
Presence	4	3
Cardiovascular disease
Absence	73	44	0.15
Presence	2	4
Antiplatelet therapy
Absence	72	41	0.03	3.04	0.74-15.30	0.12
Presence	3	7
Pelvic surgery
Absence	62	39	0.84
Presence	13	9
Caprini score
< 7	36	17	0.16
≥ 7	39	31
Fibrin-related markers
D-dimer (μg/mL) < 0.6	26	11	0.12
Preoperative ≥ 0.6	30	25

SFMC: Soluble fibrin monomer complex; POD: Postoperative day; VTE: Venous thromboembolism; BMI: Body mass index; CV: Central vein.