Association between serum α-L-fucosidase and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Cross-sectional study

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between subjects with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variable	With NAFLD	Without NAFLD	t value	P value
Age (yr)	47.9 (10.3)	44.3 (11.2)	20.844	< 0.001
Gender (male/female, n)	4616/1647	4840/5370	1097.9281	< 0.0011
BMI (kg/m2)	26.1 (2.9)	22.5 (2.7)	80.032	< 0.001
WC (cm)	90.7 (8.2)	79.7 (8.5)	80.773	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	134.2 (17.5)	123.1 (17.1)	39.998	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	82.3 (11.1)	74.6 (11.2)	42.506	< 0.001
WBC (109/L)	6.41 (1.6)	5.83 (1.5)	23.672	< 0.001
UA (mmol/L)	369.8 (87.8)	303.3 (81.2)	49.434	< 0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	5.00 (4.66-5.49)	4.72 (4.46-5.01)	30.8582	< 0.0012
TG (mmol/L)	1.70 (1.20-2.45)	1.00 (0.73-1.43)	44.9602	< 0.0012
TC (mmol/L)	4.9 (0.9)	4.62 (0.9)	22.188	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.7 (0.7)	2.6 (0.6)	13.685	< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.1 (0.3)	1.3 (0.3)	39.894	< 0.001
AFU (U/L)	28.7 (7.9)	26.0 (7.3)	22.591	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	25 (18-37)	16 (11-22)	30.3962	< 0.0012
AST (U/L)	22 (18-27)	19 (16-22)	16.9162	< 0.0012
GGT (U/L)	34 (22-57)	17 (12-28)	27.7532	< 0.0012
Cholinesterase (U/L)	9537 (1579)	8315 (1585)	48.125	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	68 (20.1)	61 (19.9)	19.818	< 0.001
AFP (μg/L)	2.6 (2.0-3.5)	2.4 (1.8-3.4)	0.2102	< 0.8412

¹χ² value;

²Z value. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR). NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; WBC: White blood cell; UA: Uric acid; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AFU: α-L-fucosidase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-Glutamyltransferase; ALP: Akaline phosphatase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.

Table 2 Prevalence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to quartile of α-L-fucosidase

AFU level quartile	Total	NAFLD	χ2	P value	PR%	PR
Quartile 1	4119	1137	-	-	27.60	1.00
Quartile 2	4118	1375	32.527	< 0.001	33.39	1.21
Quartile 3	4118	1652	143.969	< 0.001	40.11	1.45
Quartile 4	4118	2099	471.421	< 0.001	50.97	1.85

AFU: α-L-fucosidase; PR%: Prevalence rate; PR: Prevalence ratio; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variable	β	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
Age	0.023	0.002	90.042	< 0.001	1.023	1.018-1.028
Male gender	0.510	0.072	49.919	< 0.001	1.665	1.445-1.918
Height	-0.040	0.011	13.337	< 0.001	0.961	0.941-0.982
Weight	0.055	0.013	18.069	< 0.011	1.057	1.030-1.084
BMI	0.087	0.034	6.456	< 0.001	1.090	1.020-1.166
WC	0.048	0.005	88.152	< 0.001	1.049	1.039-1.060
DBP	0.010	0.002	23.193	< 0.001	1.010	1.006-1.014
Plt	0.001	0.000	3.157	< 0.001	1.001	1.000-1.002
WBC	0.192	0.034	30.938	< 0.001	1.211	1.132-1.296
NEU	-0.202	0.043	21.986	< 0.001	0.817	0.751-0.889
ALB	0.039	0.008	26.043	< 0.001	1.039	1.024-1.055
UA	0.003	0.000	97.787	< 0.001	1.003	1.003-1.004
FBG	0.205	0.021	93.656	< 0.001	1.227	1.177-1.279
TG	0.226	0.022	107.298	< 0.001	1.253	1.201-1.308
HDL	-0.493	0.082	36.514	< 0.002	0.611	0.520-0.717
AFU	0.009	0.003	9.243	< 0.001	1.009	1.003-1.014
ALT	0.022	0.002	95.540	< 0.001	1.022	1.017-1.026
AST	-0.025	0.004	45.869	< 0.001	0.975	0.968-0.982
ChE	0.000	0.000	60.140	< 0.042	1.000	1.000-1.000
AFP	-0.015	0.008	4.135	< 0.001	0.985	0.970-0.999

β: Partial regression coefficient; SE: Standard error of partial regression coefficient; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Plt: Platelet; WBC: White blood cell; NEU: Neutrophil; ALB: Albumin; UA: Uric acid; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; AFU: α-L-fucosidase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ChE: Cholinesterase; AFP: α-fetoprotein.