MicroRNA aberrations: An emerging field for gallbladder cancer management

Table 1 MicroRNA de-regulation in gallbladder cancer

Ref.	Source	miRNA	Level	Target gene	Functional characterization	Clinical association with	Function
Kitamura et al[121], 2012	GBCs from BK5.erbb2 mice vs GBC from wild-type mice	mir-106a, mir-96 mir-223 mir-27a mir-17 mir-15b mir-142-5p mir-142-3p mir-21	↑	-	-	-	-
		mir-665 mir-714 mir-763 mir-466f-3p mir-145 mir-193 mir-467e mir-143 mir-881 mir-720 mir-706 -mir-122 mir-378	↓	-	-	-	-
Li et al[133], 2015	Paired GBC, normal tissue and blood samples	mir-21, mir-370, mir-187, mir-122, mir-202	↑	-	-	mir-187, mir-143, mir-202 were associated with metastasis, TNM	-
		let-7a, mir-200b, mir-143, mir-31, mir-335, mir-551	↓
Peng et al[125], 2013	Paired GBC, normal tissue	mir-335	↓	-	-	Histologic grade, stage, metastasis, poor survival	-
Zhou et al[127], 2014	Paired GBC, paracancerous tissue	mir-106a, mir-96 mir-223 mir-27a mir-17 mir-15b mir-142-5p mir-142-3p mir-21	↑	-	-	-	-
		mir-665 mir-714 mir-763 mir-466f-3p mir-145 mir-193 mir-467e mir-143 mir-881 mir-720 mir-706 -mir-122 mir-378	↓	-	-	-	-
		hsa-mir-135a-5p	↓	VLDLR	Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution	Histologic grade	TSG
Jin et al[126], 2014	Paired GBC tissue, tissue	mir-34a	↓	PNUTS	Cell proliferation	Poor prognosis	TSG
Zhou et al[128], 2014	Paired GBC, paracancerous tissue	mir-26a	↓	HMGA2	Cell proliferation	Histological grade	TSG
Letelier et al[129], 2014	Normal GB, GBC tissue	mir-133a/b, mir-143-3p/5p, mir-991-5p, mir-125b-5p, mir-29c-3p, mir-195-5p, mir-139-5p, mir-29c-5p, mir-100-5p, mir-148a-3p, mir-376c, mir-187-3p, mir-365a-3p, mir-29b-3p, mir-497-5p, mir-654-3p, mir-411-5p, mir-125a-5p, mir-26a-5p, mir-101-3p, mir-495, mir-381-3p, mir-154-5p, mir-99a-3p, mir-328, mir-299-5p, mir-30e-3p, mir-29b-2-5p, mir-379-5p, mir-140-5p, mir-24-1-5p, mir-101-5p	↓	Distinguish GBC from normal samples		-	-
						-	TSG
		mir-145-3p/5p	↓	-	Cell growth, cell viability, apoptosis	-	TSG
		mir-1	↓	VEGF-A , AXL	Cell growth, cell viability, apoptosis	-	TSG
Ma et al[131], 2014	Paired GBC, normal tissue	mir-130a	↓	-	Cell proliferation, invasion	-	TSG
Cai et al[130], 2015	Paired GBC, normal tissue	mir-146b-5p	↓	EGFR	Apoptosis, G1 phase arrest	Carcinoma size, progression	TSG
Ma et al[132], 2015	Paired GBC, normal tissue	mir-218-5p	↓	BMI-1	Cell proliferation, invasion	-	TSG
Chang et al[123], 2013	Paired GBC, normal GB tissue	mir-20a	↑	SMAD-7	EMT, metastasis	Worse overall survival	OG
Kono et al[122], 2014	Paired GBC, normal GB tissue	mir-155	↑	-	Cell proliferation, invasion	Lymph node metastasis, invasion, poor prognosis	OG
Qiu et al[124], 2014	GBC, normal tissue	mir-182	↑	CADM1	Cell migration, invasion	Metastasis	OG

GBC: Gallbladder cancer; VLDR: Very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor; PNUTS: Phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit; HMGA2: High-mobility group AT-hook 2; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; AXL: AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; BMI-1: Polycomb ring finger; SMAD-7: Mothers against DPP homolog 7; CADM1: Cell adhesion molecule 1.