Laparoscopic and endoscopic co-operative surgery for non-ampullary duodenal tumors

Table 1 Patient and tumor characteristics as well as surgical results

Parameters	Statistics
No. of patients	12
No. of lesions	13
Age (yr)	70 (63-79)1
Sex (male/female)	7/5
Location
2nd	7
3rd	6
Macroscopic types
Submucosal tumor	2
Epithelial (elevated)	11
Size (mm)	22 (11-38)1
Operation time (min)	322 (220-570)1
ESD time (min)	105 (20-210)1
Blood loss (mL)	0 (0-150)1
Postoperative complications2
Minor ( ≤ grade II)	2
Major (≥ grade III)	0
Pathological diagnosis
NET	2
Adenoma	1
Adenocarcinoma	10
Depth of tumor
Mucosal	10
Submucosal	3
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	9 (7-49)1
Follow-up period (mo)	14 (3-19)1

¹Median (range);

²Clavien-Dindo classification. NET: Neuroendocrine tumor.