Self-expanding metal stents for the palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	Total		Without PC		With PC		P value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
No. of patients	62	100%	35	56%	27	44%
Gender
Female	27/62	44%	19/35	54%	8/27	30%	0.072
Median age (yr)	70.5 (63-81)		76 (64-86)		68 (60-74)		0.0221
Etiology
Pancreatic cancer	29/62	47%	20/35	57%	9/27	33%	0.077
Gastric cancer	14/62	23%	4/35	11%	10/27	37%	0.0301
GB or BD cancer	9/62	15%	4/35	11%	5/27	19%	0.485
Ampulla of Vater cancer	3/62	5%	3/35	9%	0/27	0%	0.250
Other	7/62	11%	4/35	11%	3/27	11%	1.000
Site of obstruction
Duodenum	44/62	71%	30/35	86%	14/27	52%	0.0051
Pylorus	7/62	11%	3/35	9%	4/27	15%	0.689
Rest of stomach	4/62	6%	0/35	0%	4/27	15%	0.0311
Anastomosis	5/62	8%	1/35	3%	4/27	15%	0.158
Other	2/62	3%	1/35	3%	1/27	4%	1.000

¹Statistically significant. Displayed are percentages and numbers or median and quartiles; P-values: Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. GB: Gall bladder; BD: Bile duct.

Table 2 Peritoneal carcinomatosis diagnosis and evidence of ascites

	n	%	P value
No. of patients	27/62	43.5%
Suspected	20/62	32.2%
Ultrasound	11/62	17.7%
CT-scan	9/62	14.5%
Proven	7/62	11.2%
Cytology	1/62	1.6%
Histology	6/62	9.7%
Ascites	23/62	37.1%
Clinical success	15/23	65.2%	0.0471

¹Statistically significant compared to patients without PC. Displayed are percentages and numbers; P-values: Fisher's exact test. CT: Computed tomography; PC: Peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Table 3 Outcome of self-expanding metal stents placement according to the presence of carcinomatosis

	Total		Without PC		With PC		P value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
No. of patients	62		35		27
Technical success	60/62	96.8%	35/35	100.0%	25/27	92.6%	0.186
Clinical success	49/62	79.0%	31/35	88.6%	18/27	66.7%	0.03612
Reinterventions (RI)	15/62	24.2%	11/35	31.4%	4/27	14.8%	0.1302
Early RI ( ≤ 30 d)	7/62	11.3%	3/35	8.6%	4/27	14.8%	0.689
Late RI (> 30 d)	8/62	12.9%	8/35	22.9%	0/27	0.0%	0.0081
Median time to early RI (d)	6 (3.5-12.5)		11 (8.5-15.5)		3.5 (3.0-6.5)
Median time to late RI (d)	130.5 (90.75-220)		130.5 (90.75-220)		Ø
RI after clinical success	10/49	20.4%	9/31	29.0%	1/18	5.6%	0.070
Early RI ( ≤ 30 d)	2/49	4.1%	1/31	3.2%	1/18	5.6%	1.000
Late RI (> 30 d)	8/49	16.3%	8/31	25.8%	0/18	0.0%	0.0201
RI after clinical failure	5/13	38.5%	2/4	50.0%	3/9	33.3%	1.000
Early RI ( ≤ 30 d)	0/13	38.5%	2/4	50.0%	3/9	33.3%	1.000
Late RI (> 30 d)	0/13	0.0%	0/4	0.0%	0/9	0.0%
Complications
Major	3/62	4.8%	2/35	5.7%	1/27	3.7%	1.000
Minor	4/62	6.5%	1/35	2.9%	3/27	11.1%	0.309
Median survival (d)	57 (19.75-145.25)		70 (19.5-213.5)		48 (26-79)

¹Statistically significant; P-values: Fisher's exact test or

²χ² test; Displayed are percentages and numbers or median and quartiles.