Etiology of chronic liver diseases in the Northwest of Italy, 1998 through 2014

Table 1 Patients characteristics n (%)

Variable	n = 1163
Age, median (IQR)	52 (40-62)
Males	644 (55)
Etiology
HCV	528 (45)
HCV alone	407 (35)
Metabolic	557 (48)
Metabolic alone	417 (36)
HBV	85 (7)
HBV alone	67 (6)
Period
1998-2000	295 (25)
2001-2003	251 (22)
2004-2006	336 (29)
2012-2014	281 (24)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Hepatitis C virus Etiology by period

Period	Patients, n	HCV			HCV alone
		n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value	n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value
1998-2000 (Ref.)	295	157 (53)	1	-	121 (41)	1	-
2001-2003	251	127 (51)	0.89 (0.63-1.24)	0.487	87 (35)	0.75 (0.53-1.06)	0.107
2004-2006	336	140 (42)	0.61 (0.45-0.84)	0.002	112 (33)	0.70 (0.50-0.97)	0.031
2012-2014	281	104 (37)	0.51 (0.36-0.71)	< 0.001	87 (31)	0.64 (0.46-0.91)	0.012

ORs were estimated by a logistic regression model adjusting for age and gender. HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 3 Metabolic etiology by period

Period	Patients, n	Metabolic			Metabolic alone
		n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value	n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value
1998-2000 (Ref.)	295	136 (46)	1	-	92 (31)	1	-
2001-2003	251	121 (48)	1.08 (0.77-1.51)	0.663	78 (31)	0.98 (0.68-1.41)	0.907
2004-2006	336	167 (50)	1.14 (0.83-1.56)	0.418	131 (39)	1.37 (0.99-1.91)	0.061
2012-2014	281	133 (47)	1.01 (0.73-1.41)	0.947	116 (41)	1.53 (1.09-2.16)	0.015

ORs were estimated by a logistic regression model adjusting for age and gender.

Table 4 Subgroup analysis hepatitis C virus etiology

Subgroup	Period	Patients, n	HCV (interaction P = 0.407)		HCV alone (interaction P = 0.252)
			n (%)	OR (95%CI)	n (%)	OR (95%CI)
Age < 50 yr	1998-2000 (Ref)	132	68 (52)	1	61 (46)	1
	2001-2003	114	53 (46)	0.80 (0.48-1.32)	35 (31)	0.51 (0.30-0.86)
	2004-2006	155	70 (45)	0.74 (0.46-1.18)	55 (35)	0.62 (0.38-1.00)
	2012-2014	111	45 (41)	0.55 (0.32-0.93)	37 (33)	0.52 (0.30-0.89)
Age ≥ 50 yr	1998-2000 (Ref)	163	89 (55)	1	60 (37)	1
	2001-2003	137	74 (54)	0.96 (0.61-1.52)	52 (38)	1.03 (0.64-1.65)
	2004-2006	181	70 (39)	0.51 (0.33-0.79)	57 (31)	0.77 (0.49-1.20)
	2012-2014	170	59 (35)	0.46 (0.30-0.72)	50 (29)	0.75 (0.47-1.19)

ORs were estimated by a logistic model including an interaction between the variables age and period. HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 5 Subgroup analysis metabolic etiology

			Metabolic (interaction P = 0.300)		Metabolic alone (interaction P = 0.058)
Subgroup	Period	Patients, n	n (%)	OR (95%CI)	n (%)	OR (95%CI)
Age < 50 yr	1998-2000 (Ref.)	132	56 (42)	1	44 (33)	1
	2001-2003	114	54 (47)	1.21 (0.73-2.00)	41 (36)	1.10 (0.65-1.87)
	2004-2006	155	64 (41)	0.93 (0.58-1.49)	52 (34)	0.97 (0.59-1.59)
	2012-2014	111	52 (47)	1.08 (0.64-1.82)	44 (40)	1.16 (0.67-1.99)
Age ≥ 50 yr	1998-2000 (Ref.)	163	80 (49)	1	48 (29)	1
	2001-2003	137	67 (49)	0.98 (0.62-1.55)	37 (27)	0.87 (0.52-1.44)
	2004-2006	181	103 (57)	1.36 (0.89-2.08)	79 (44)	1.81 (1.15-2.83)
	2012-2014	170	81 (48)	0.97 (0.63-1.50)	72 (42)	1.86 (1.18-2.94)

ORs were estimated by a logistic model including an interaction between the variables age and period.