Biomarkers for colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Table 1 Summary of recent studies on biomarker developments for ulcerative colitis-associated cancer

Type of specimen	Analyte	Biomarker	Ref.
Blood	Protein	p53	[58]
Colon tissue	DNA	Chromosomal instability	[15,16,18-20,30-35]
		IBD specific mutation: SOX9, EP300, NRG1, and IL16	[36]
	DNA methylation	ER, MYOD, p16, and CSPG2	[40]
		FOXE1, SYNE1	[41]
		EYA4	[27,42]
		RUNX3, MINT1, and COX-2	[43]
		p14	[44]
		BVES	[45]
	microRNA	miR-143 and miR-145	[46]
		Decrease of 3 microRNAs (miR-192, miR-375, and miR-422b), upregulation of 8 microRNAs (miR-16, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-195, and Let-7f)	[47]
		miR-21 and miR-155	[48]
	Protein	miR-26b	[50]
		p53 and CHGA	[51]
		p53 and AMACR	[52]
		Bcl-xl	[53]
		PDCD4	[54]
		COX	[55]
		8-NG and 8-oxodG	[56]
	RNA	TRAP1	[29,57]
		CCND1, SERPINB6, PAP, IL8, and NOS2A	[37]
Stool		ACSL1, BIRC3, CLC, CREM, ELTD1, FGG, S100A9, THBD, and TPD52L1	[38]
		A panel of 20 genes (including cancer genes CYP27B1, RUNX3, SAMSN1, EDIL3, NOL3, CXCL9, ITGB2, and LYN)	[39]
	DNA methylation	VIM, EYA4, BMP3, and NDRG4	[63]
	Metabolites	Buryrate, acetate, methylamine, and trimethylamine	[62]
	Protein	Calprotectin and lactoferrin	[61]
Urine	Metabolites	Prostaglandin-E	[59]
	Protein	MMP-2 and MMP-2/NGAL	[60]