Detection of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil: A national survey

Table 1 Distribution of patients by sampling region, gender, and age

Brazil - Region	Distribution by gender	Distribution by age
	(% of females)	(average; minimum and maximum)
Northern (n = 36)	22 F; 14 M (61.1%)	41.4 (21-71)
North-Eastern (n = 138)	89 F; 49 M (64.5%)	37.7 (18-75)
Central-Western (n = 26)	13 F; 13 M (50.0%)	41.3 (21-65)
South-Eastern (n = 217)	145 F; 72 M (66.8%)	40.6 (19-76)
Southern (n = 73)	45 F; 28 M (61.6%)	58.0 (23-79)
Total (n = 490)	314 F; 176 M (64.1%)	42.4 (18-79)

F: Female; M: Male.

Table 2 Prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in each region

	Northern(n = 36)	North-Eastern (n = 138)	Central-Western(n = 26)	South-Eastern (n = 217)	Southern(n = 73)	P value	Total (n = 490)
Clarithromycin resistance	16.6%	14.5%	19.2%	17.5%	19.1%	0.55	16.9% (95%CI: 13.7%-20.6%)
Fluoroquinolones resistance	2.7%	13.7%	15.4%	13.8%	16.4%	0.06	13.5% (95%CI: 10.6%-16.8%)

Table 3 Distribution of mutations in the 23S gene in each region

Brazil - Region	Northern	North-Eastern	Central-Western	South-Eastern	Southern	Total
MUT11	-	3	2	8	1	14
MUT22	-	1	-	1	1	3
MUT33	6	18	5	32	14	75
MUT2 + MUT3	-	1	-	1	-	2
MUT1 + MUT3	-	1	2	3	-	6
MUT1 + MUT2 + MUT3	-	-	-	-	1	1
Total mutations	6	24	9	45	17	101

¹Mutation A2146G;

²Mutation A2146C;

³Mutation A2147G.

Table 4 Distribution of mutations in the gyrA gene in each region

Region	Northern	North-Eastern	Central-Western	South-Eastern	Southern	Total
Codon 87 mutant
No ident1	-	6	1	10	2	19
Gyr87 MUT2	1	4	-	4	2	11
Total	1	10	1	14	4	30
Codon 91 mutant
No ident1	-	2	-	4	2	8
MUT13	-	7	2	9	5	23
MUT24	-	2	-	7	3	12
MUT35	-	1	1	4	3	9
Total		12	3	24	13	52
Multiple mutations in codon 91
MUT1 + MUT3	-	1	1	-	2	4
MUT1 + MUT2	-	-	-	3	1	4
MUT1 + MUT2 + MUT3		-	-	1		1
Total	-	1	1	4	3	9
Codons 87 + 91 mutants	-	2	-	3	2	7
Total mutations	1	22	4	38	17	82

¹Mutant codon not specified;

²Mutation at codon N87K, nucleotide AAA;

³Mutation at codon D91N, nucleotide AAT;

⁴Mutation at codon D91G, nucleotide GGT;

⁵Mutation at codon D91Y, nucleotide TAT.