Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer anti-EGFR therapy

Table 1 Novel molecular biomarkers

Biomarker	Incidence	Prognostic value	Predictive value	Ref
K-RAS mutations	40%	Controversial	Predictor of resistance	[20-22,24]
K-RAS G13D mutation	15%-20%	Controversial	Faint resistance	[21]
N-RAS mutations	3%-5%	Controversial	Predictor of resistance	[9,27,28]
PI3KCA mutations	10%-20%	Controversial	Controversial	[29-31]
TP53	15%-50%	-	Controversial	[34]
PTEN expression	20%-40%	Controversial	Controversial	[18,29,36]
S492R mutation	16%	-	Controversial	[39]
KRAS mutant clones	0.4%-17%	-	Controversial	[40]
MET amplification	1%	-	Controversial	[41]
HER2 amplification	3%-6%	Controversial	-	[42,43]
Epiregulin and amphiregulin	-	Controversial	-	[44,45]
B-RAF mutations	4%-15%	Poor prognosis	Controversial	[7,46-51]
miRNAs high level	-	Controversial	-	[52,53]
Cetuximab basal ADCC activity	-	Controversial	-	[62]

ADCC: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated.