Miranda Cona M, Liu YW, Hubert A, Yin T, Feng YB, de Witte P, Waelkens E, Jiang YS, Zhang J, Mulier S, Xia Q, Huang G, Oyen R, Ni YC. Differential diagnosis of gallstones by using hypericin as a fluorescent optical imaging agent. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(29): 6690-6705 [PMID: 27547012 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6690]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dr. Yi-Cheng Ni, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Group, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. yicheng.ni@med.kuleuven.be
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Basic Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2016; 22(29): 6690-6705 Published online Aug 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6690
Table 1 Calibration data of the chromatographic methods
Cholesterol
Hypericin
Conc.
PA ± SD
RT ± SD (min)
Conc.
PA ± SD
RT ± SD (min)
(×10-3 M)
(n = 4)
(×10-6 M)
(n = 4)
2.6
32715275 ± 532288
19.60 ± 0.19
0.6
961398 ± 14312
9.85 ± 0.14
5.2
64995700 ± 622439
19.83 ± 0.26
1.3
3120453 ± 33528
9.63 ± 0.03
7.8
91376450 ± 1113357
19.79 ± 0.14
2.5
5782945 ± 90738
9.41 ± 0.13
10.3
124007250 ± 2116420
19.97± 0.11
5.0
10563681 ± 134692
9.75 ± 0.11
12.9
151245250 ± 2660042
20.03 ± 0.12
10.0
20814150 ± 226368
9.61 ± 0.07
Table 2 System suitability
System suitability parameters
Cholesterol
Hypericin
Theoretical plates (N)
7700
5500
Asymmetry factor (As)
1.02
0.75
Tailing factor (TF)
1.00
0.61
Table 3 Results of the intra-day precision studies
Cholesterol
Hypericin
Conc.
RSD-PA
RSD-RT
Conc.
RSD-PA
RSD-RT
(×10-3 M)
(×10-6 M)
2.6
1.6%
0.9%
0.6%
1.5%
1.4%
5.2
0.9%
1.3%
1.3%
1.1%
0.3%
7.8
1.2%
0.7%
2.5%
1.6%
1.4%
10.3
1.7%
0.5%
5.0%
1.3%
1.1%
12.9
1.7%
0.6%
10.0%
1.1%
0.7%
Table 4 Results of the recovery studies
Compound
Labelled amount
Added amount
Found amount
Recovery
RSD
Cholesterol
1.0 mg
0.80 mg
0.79 mg
99.8%
1.6%
1.00 mg
1.00 mg
100.0%
1.1%
1.20 mg
1.19 mg
99.6%
1.2%
Hypericin
0.0025 μg
0.0020 μg
0.0029 μg
108.8%
0.4%
0.0025 μg
0.0026 μg
101.7%
0.1%
0.0030 μg
0.0032 μg
103.6%
1.6%
Table 5 Linearity of the high performance liquid chromatography methods for cholesterol and hypericin
Compound
LR
Slope
SD (LR)
R2
LOD (M)
LOQ (M)
Cholesterol
y = 1 × 107 x + 3 × 106
11712479
2055881
0.998
0.58 × 10-3
1.76 × 10-3
Hypericin
y = 2 × 106x + 2 × 105
2066297
433480
0.998
0.69 × 10-6
2.1 × 10-6
Table 6 Results of the analysis of cholesterol, mixed and pigment stones
Type of stones
Cholesterol
Hypericin
P value
Conc. (× 10-3 M)
Percentage
Conc. (× 10-6 M)
IPA/DMSO extracts
in stone
IPA/DMSO extracts
Cholesterol
7.68 ± 0.25
83%-86%
2.01 ± 0.38
Mixed
6.65 ± 0.12
71%-75%
0.50 ± 0.19
0.011
Pigment
0.08 ± 0.02
1%-3%
0.23 ± 0.06
Citation: Miranda Cona M, Liu YW, Hubert A, Yin T, Feng YB, de Witte P, Waelkens E, Jiang YS, Zhang J, Mulier S, Xia Q, Huang G, Oyen R, Ni YC. Differential diagnosis of gallstones by using hypericin as a fluorescent optical imaging agent. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(29): 6690-6705