Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 14, 2016; 22(22): 5228-5236
Published online Jun 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5228
Table 1 Characteristics of the case group n (%)
Characteristic
In total819 (100)
Hospital
Renji491 (60.0)
Drum tower328 (40.0)
Age (yr)
< 50278 (33.9)
≥ 50, < 60289 (35.3)
≥ 60252 (30.8)
Gender
Men448 (54.7)
Women371 (45.3)
Illness part
Antral form806 (98.4)
Diffuse form13 (1.6)
H. pylori infection
H. pylori (+)263 (32.1)
H. pylori (-)556 (67.9)
Histology
Glandular atrophy363 (44.3)
IM265 (32.4)
Intraepithelial neoplasia92 (11.2)
Table 2 Overall and stratified analyses of histological data in the case-control study
CaseControlOR [95%CI]P-value
Overall analysis
H. pylori (+)2631412.275 [1.801, 2.872]< 0.001b
Glandular atrophy3632711.610 [1.317, 1.967]< 0.001b
IM2651821.674 [1.343, 2.087]< 0.001b
Intraepithelial neoplasia92651.468 [1.052, 2.049]0.023a
Antral form
H. pylori (+)2541392.208 [1.745, 2.794]< 0.001b
Glandular atrophy3412681.472 [1.202, 1.803]< 0.001b
IM4091793.609 [2.908, 4.479]< 0.001b
Intraepithelial neoplasia79651.239 [0.878, 1.747]0.222
Diffuse form
H. pylori (+)9212.375 [1.828, 83.767]0.015a
Glandular atrophy133< 0.001
IM1130.005
Intraepithelial neoplasia12018.333 [2.522, 133.26]< 0.001b
Table 3 Overall single-factor and multivariate analyses of impact factors in the case-control study
Impact factorUnivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
OR95%CIP-valueOR95%CIP-value
H. pylori infection2.329[1.802, 3.011]< 0.001b3.051[2.157, 4.317]< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.3.745[2.365, 5.930]< 0.001b3.636[2.183, 6.055]< 0.001b
Family history of GC1.926[1.059, 3.503]0.029a1.628[0.801, 3.309]0.178
Stress ↑1.871[1.344, 2.603]< 0.001b2.019[1.568, 2.600]< 0.001b
Irregular meals1.703[1.184, 2.449]0.004b2.300[1.462, 3.619]< 0.001b
Spicy food ↑1.540[1.156, 2.052]0.003b1.754[1.227, 2.507]0.002b
Fresh fruit ↑0.721[0.533, 0.974]0.033a0.231[0.101, 0.529]0.001b
Table 4 Stratified single-factor and multivariate analyses of impact factors in the case-control study
FactorCaseControlUnivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
OR [95%CI]P-valueOR [95%CI]P-value
Age < 50 yr
H. pylori infection69372.224 [1.419, 3.487]< 0.001b1.968 [1.222, 3.170]0.005b
Allergic Res. Dis.34113.445 [1.700, 6.978]< 0.001b3.784 [1.715, 8.347]0.001b
Stress ↑41241.858 [1.083, 3.189]0.023a1.452 [1.076, 1.960]0.015a
Irregular meals40251.723 [1.008, 2.946]0.045a2.207 [1.112, 4.381]0.024a
Fried food ↑56381.622 [1.025, 2.567]0.038a1.459 [0.846, 2.517]0.174
Spicy food ↑50331.654 [1.021, 2.681]0.040a1.838 [1.011, 3.342]0.046a
Age ≥ 50 yr
H. pylori infection151792.386 [1.745, 3.263]< 0.001b3.402 [2.149, 5.386]< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.51143.988 [2.173, 7.319]< 0.001b4.894 [2.164, 11.069]< 0.001b
Stress ↑68391.879 [1.237, 2.855]0.003b2.265 [1.594, 3.219]< 0.001b
Irregular meals44271.699 [1.032, 2.798]0.035a1.680 [0.918, 3.074]0.092
Picked-food cons.1491221.334 [1.001, 1.778]0.049a7.224 [2.360, 22.115]0.001b
Spicy food ↑86621.481 [1.036, 2.117]0.031a1.786 [1.114, 2.863]0.016a
Fresh fruit ↑3874050.637 [0.409, 0.993]0.045a0.422 [0.178, 1.001]0.050
Male
H. pylori infection116672.054 [1.458, 2.893]< 0.001b3.445 [2.114, 5.612]< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.42104.599 [2.272, 9.310]< 0.001b6.563 [2.832, 15.209]< 0.001b
Smoking99761.410 [1.003, 1.981]0.047a2.013 [1.282, 3.163]0.002b
Stress ↑63342.023 [1.298, 3.154]0.002b2.096 [1.489, 2.950]< 0.001b
Irregular meals52341.614 [1.021, 2.551]0.039a2.201 [1.262, 3.839]0.005b
Spicy food ↑79571.488 [1.022, 2.165]0.037a2.167 [1.285, 3.653]0.004b
Female
H. pylori infection104492.727 [1.850, 4.021]< 0.001b3.031 [1.897, 4.844]< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.43153.183 [1.726, 5.867]< 0.001b3.502 [1.691, 7.255]0.001b
Allergic skin Dis.1553.106 [1.114, 8.660]0.023a3.223 [0.966, 10.748]0.057
Stress ↑46291.694 [1.032, 2.780]0.036a1.873 [1.356, 2.589]< 0.001b
Irregular meals32181.872 [1.026, 3.415]0.039a2.027 [0.905, 4.538]0.086
Spicy food ↑57381.619 [1.036, 2.530]0.033a2.185 [1.236, 3.861]0.007b
Antral form
H. pylori infection2111142.248 [1.734, 2.914]< 0.001b3.124 [2.192, 4.452]< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.80253.552 [2.237, 5.639]< 0.001b3.432 [2.062, 5.712]< 0.001b
Stress ↑107631.833 [1.315, 2.554]< 0.001b1.984 [1.544, 2.550]< 0.001b
Irregular meals83521.681 [1.168, 2.422]0.005b2.191 [1.407, 3.412]0.001b
Fried food cons.2021691.281 [1.007, 1.629]0.044a1.338 [0.955, 1.876]0.091
Spicy food ↑133951.500 [1.124, 2.002]0.006b1.705 [1.188, 2.447]0.004b
Vegetable Cons.2272620.797 [0.637, 0.996]0.046a0.491 [0.311, 0.776]0.002b