Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. May 21, 2016; 22(19): 4750-4756
Published online May 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i19.4750
Table 1 Group of lymph nodes
RegionGroup
Upper mediastinal regionRight para-recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)
Left para-RLN
Upper para-esophagus
Carinal and hilar regionSubcarinal
Left and right para-bronchi
Middle-low para-esophageal regionMiddle and low para-esophagus
Supra-diaphragm
Intraperitoneal regionPara-cardia
Lesser gastric curvature
Para-celiac artery and left gastric artery
Table 2 Characteristics of the open surgery and minimally invasive esophagectomy groups
Open surgery (n = 324)MIE (n = 123)P value
Age (yr)60.3 ± 7.860.1 ± 6.30.7821
Gender0.0552
Male22697
Female9826
ASA grade0.8202
I156
II24897
III6120
Height (cm)170.2 ± 4.8171.1 ± 4.90.5851
Weight (kg)65.2 ± 9.866.8 ± 8.10.1521
Smoker0.9122
Never12346
Current or former20177
pT stage
Tis340.077
T12036< 0.001
T24672< 0.001
T322511< 0.001
T4300< 0.001
Resection rate0.4792
R0313121
R162
R250
Inductive chemo/radio therapy40%14%0.7882
pTis/T1/T200
pT31560.9122
pT42500.002
LNM rate
pTis00/4
pT16 (30)10/36, 27.8%0.8602
pT220 (43.4)29/72, 40.3%0.7312
pT3125 (55.6)5/11, 45.5%0.5112
pT422 (73.3)0
Surgical approach< 0.001
Macheen225123
Ivor-Lewis990
Table 3 Comparison of the number of lymph node dissections and the rate of positive lymph nodes according to pathological T stage n (%)
Number of lymph node dissections
P value1Rate of positive lymph nodes
P value2χ2
OpenMIEOpenMIE
pTis18.3 ± 1.519.8 ± 1.30.215000
pT119.3 ± 4.121.4 ± 3.80.059321 (5.0)50 (5.8)0.5790.308
pT220.2 ± 3.222.1 ± 6.60.071598 (10.1)190 (11.0)0.4940.468
pT320.3 ± 5.823.2 ± 4.10.1030733 (16.3)32 (11.4)0.0314.626
pT421.5 ± 3.60130 (17.8)0
Total20.4 ± 3.821.1 ± 4.30.0944982 (14.8)272 (9.5)< 0.00149.222
Table 4 Comparison of lymph node sampling rates according to pathological T stage (Including Tis, T1-T4)
LNS rates
P value1χ2
Open (n = 324)MIE (n = 123)
Upper mediastinumR-RLN2621000.9160.011
L-RLN26054< 0.00156.345
Upper para-esophagus2721020.7940.068
Subcarinal and parabronchialSubcarinal3071120.1502.074
Left and right parabronchial3101200.3530.863
Mid and low para-esophagus and diaphragmMid and lower para-esophagus2991100.3340.933
Diaphragm128460.6830.167
IntraperitonealPara-cardial3101160.5410.374
Lesser gastric curvature2751050.8970.017
Left gastric artery2721060.5600.339
Table 5 Comparison of lymph node metastatic rates according to pathological T stage
pTis, T1-4
P valueχ2pTis, T1-2
P valueχ2
Open (n = 324)MIE (n = 123)Open (n = 69)MIE (n = 112)
Upper mediastinumR-RLN71100.00111.416690.8760.024
L-RLN3040.0324.578740.0452
Upper para-esophagus4020.00112.034120.9992
Subcarinal and parabronchialSubcarinal36110.5050.445580.9790.001
Left and right parabronchial30110.9180.011590.8470.037
Mid and low para-esophagus and diaphragmMid and lower para-esophagus59100.0086.939690.8760.024
Diaphragm310.9100.013110.9991
IntraperitonealPara-cardial42130.4260.6348120.8540.034
Lesser gastric curvature150300.0421
Left gastric artery51130.1631.9448130.9980.001