Serum Mac-2 binding protein is a novel biomarker for chronic pancreatitis

Table 1 Clinical and serological characteristics of the subjects in this study

	HV	CP	PDAC	P value 11	P value 22
Number	59	162	94
Age (yr)	48.2 ± 8.1	60.8 ± 14.5	66.7 ± 8.2	< 0.0001	< 0.05
Gender (F/M)	29/30	53/109	29/65	< 0.05	NS
AST (U/L)	18.4 ± 4.4	56.1 ± 246.0	39.2 ± 39.3	< 0.0001	NS
ALT (U/L)	15.3 ± 5.9	41.8 ± 156.7	42.9 ± 60.5	< 0.0005	NS
GGT (U/L)	28.0 ± 33.1	132.9 ± 317.0	98.8 ± 188.8	< 0.0001	NS
ALP (U/L)	179.5 ± 63.0	229.4 ± 92.6	325.8 ± 281.3	< 0.0001	NS
Alb (g/dL)	4.23 ± 0.22	4.18 ± 0.39	3.83 ± 0.37	NS	< 0.0005
T-Bil (mg/dL)	0.79 ± 0.29	0.88 ± 0.69	1.50 ± 3.26	NS	NS
Cr (mg/dL)	0.78 ± 0.19	0.77 ± 0.28	0.71 ± 0.19	NS	NS
T-Chol (mg/dL)	183.2 ± 26.5	202.7 ± 37.5	166.2 ± 33.0	< 0.05	< 0.0005
TG (mg/dL)	71.2 ± 25.6	120.3 ± 59.5	105.6 ± 48.0	< 0.0001	NS
CRP (mg/dL)	0.074 ± 0.119	1.98 ± 4.08	0.89 ± 2.09	< 0.0001	< 0.005
AMY (U/L)	71.5 ± 24.5	318.2 ± 1223.0	73.0 ± 44.8	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Platelet (× 104/μL)	20.8 ± 4.7	23.9 ± 9.1	19.3 ± 6.7	< 0.05	< 0.005
CA19-9 (U/mL)	9.3 ± 7.9	38.7 ± 157.9	904.1 ± 3064.3	NS	< 0.0001
CEA (ng/mL)	1.35 ± 1.07	3.57 ± 4.72	7.31 ± 16.44	< 0.0005	NS
Mac-2bp (μg/mL)	1.33 ± 0.72	2.30 ± 1.75	1.32 ± 0.95	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

¹P values (Wilcoxon test) correspond to the comparison between HV and CP;

²P values correspond to the comparison between PDAC and CP. HV: Healthy volunteers; CP: Chronic pancreatitis patients; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; Alb: Albumin; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; Cr: Creatinine; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CRP: C-reactive protein; AMY: Amylase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; Mac-2bp: Mac-2 binding protein; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Correlation coefficients for the relationships between Mac-2bp and various parameters

Factors	R	P value
Age (yr)	0.1	NS
AST (U/L)	0.22	< 0.0005
ALT (U/L)	0.15	< 0.05
GGT (U/L)	0.17	< 0.01
ALP (U/L)	0.12	NS
Alb (g/dL)	-0.051	NS
T-Bil (mg/dL)	0.14	NS
Cr (mg/dL)	0.035	NS
T-Chol (mg/dL)	-0.028	NS
TG (mg/dL)	0.16	NS
CRP (mg/dL)	0.24	< 0.0005
AMY (U/L)	-0.010	NS
Platelet (×104/μL)	0.067	NS
CA19-9 (U/mL)	0.068	NS
CEA (ng/mL)	0.024	NS

The following factors were common log-transformed: Mac-2bp, AST, ALT, GGT, T-Bil, TG, AMY, CRP, CA19-9, and CEA. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; Alb: Albumin; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; Cr: Creatinine; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CRP: C-reactive protein; AMY: Amylase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; Mac-2bp: Mac-2 binding protein; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with distinguishing between HV subjects and chronic pancreatitis patients

Factors	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Age	1.15	1.03-1.34	< 0.05
Sex (F/M)	2.30	0.25-27.57	NS
AST	1.16	0.93-1.58	NS
GGT	0.99	0.96-1.02	NS
ALP	0.98	0.95-1.01	NS
T-Chol	1.04	0.99-1.11	NS
TG	1.04	1.01-1.07	< 0.005
AMY	1.00	0.98-1.05	NS
CRP	229.6	3.30-5417218	< 0.005
CEA	2.31	1.35-4.92	< 0.05
Mac-2bp	4.04	1.82-11.06	< 0.05

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; Cr: Creatinine; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CRP: C-reactive protein; AMY: Amylase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; Mac-2bp: Mac-2 binding protein; NS: Not significant.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with distinguishing between PDAC and CP patients

Factors	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Age	0.60	0.09-1.25	NS
Alb	3.7610× 11	922.3-1.31 × 1045	< 0.0001
T-Chol	1.09	1.01-1.60	< 0.01
CRP	0.12	6.1 × 10-7 - 12.3	NS
AMY	1.32	1.05-2.69	< 0.005
Platelet	2.90	1.02-300.8	< 0.05
CA19-9	0.93	0.71-0.99	< 0.05
Mac-2bp	1.80	1.34-2.53	< 0.005

AMY: Amylase; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; Mac-2bp: Mac-2 binding protein.