Liver cancer stem cell markers: Progression and therapeutic implications

Table 1 Cell surface markers of liver cancer stem cells

Marker	Cell line/primary tumor	Characteristics of marker-positive CSCs	Inhibitors	Ref.
CD133	PLC8024, Huh7, Hep3B, primary HCC	Self-renewal, tumorigenicity, chemoresistance, invasiveness	Lupeol,Anti-CD133 antibody, antisense oligonucleotides	[10-14]
ALDH	Huh7, HPLC8024, Hep3B	Chemoresistance tumorigenicity	Diethylaminobenzaldehyde	[10,11]
CD90	HepG2, Hep3B, PLC, Huh7, MHCC97L, MHCC97H, Primary HCC	Tumorigenicity, metastasis, circulation	Anti-CD44 antibody	[28,29]
CD44	PLC/PRL/5	Tunorigenicity, invasiveness, chemoresistance, metastasis	RNAi interference, Anti-CD44 antibody, antisense oligonucleotides	[38]
CD13	PLC/PRL/5, Huh7, Hep3B	Tumor formation, cell cycle arrest, chemoresistance, self-renewal	Anti-CD13 antibody, CD13 inhibitor ubenimex	[51]
EpCAM	Huh1, Huh7, primary HCC	Invasiveness, Self-renewal, tumor formation, chemoresistance	RNAi interference, GSK-3β inhibitor BIO, Bispecific antibody EpCAMxCD3	[53,54,60]
OV6	Huh7, SMMC7721, primary HCC	Tumorigenicity, chemoresistance, invasiveness, metastasis	RNAi interference, targeting β-catenin	[70]
1B50-1	Huh7, HepG2Hep-12, SMMC7721	Tumorigenic, invasiveness self-renewal	RNAi interference	[71]
			ERK1/2 inhibitor
			U0126
SALL4	PLC/PRF/5, Huh7	Proliferation, chemoresistance, tumorigenic	ERK1/2 inhibitor	[76]
			U0126
			RNAi interference
ICAM-1	Hep3B, Huh7	Tumorigenic, metastasis	RNAi interference	[78,79]

CSCs: Cancer stem cells.