Continuous suture of the pancreatic stump and Braun enteroenterostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Demographic data

Variable	Technique A group(n = 98)	Technique B group(n = 105)	t/χ2	P value
Male/female	57/41	68/37	0.933	0.334
Mean age (yr)	61.95	60.3	1.224	0.223
Karnofsky performance status > 90	91	96	0.142	0.706
Body mass index	22.04 ± 1.40	21.94 ± 1.31	0.526	0.600
Preoperative pain	48	53	0.045	0.831
Diabetes	10	9	0.159	0.690
Previous abdominal surgery	8	10	0.132	0.716

Table 2 Histopathological diagnoses in the two groups

Histopathological diagnosis	Technique A group(n = 98)	Technique B group(n = 105)	Total
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	43	47	90
Ampullary or duodenal cancer	30	11	41
Bile duct cancer	14	8	22
Neuroendocrine tumor or carcinoid tumor	0	6	6
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm	2	6	8
Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor	0	4	4
Pancreatic cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma	1	11	12
Common bile duct adenoma	0	1	1
Duodenal adenoma	1	1	2
Inflammation	3	0	3
GIST	2	0	2
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma	0	2	2
Pancreatic tuberculosis	0	1	1
Pancreatic hamartoma	1	0	1
Pancreatic islet hyperplasia	1	0	1
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma	0	1	1
Pancreatic Acinar cell carcinoma	0	2	2
Papillary carcinoma of duodenum	0	4	4

Table 3 Surgical details

Variable	Technique A group(n = 98)	Technique B group(n = 105)	t/χ2	P value
Operating time (min)	303.03 ± 55.24	281.20 ± 51.67	2.91	< 0.05
Estimated blood loss (mL)	330.89 ± 302.74	342.23 ± 311.34	0.26	0.79
Mean time of pancreatic anastomosis (min)	23 ± 2.83	16 ± 2.67	18.13	< 0.01
Drainage of pancreatic juice	98	105	NA	NA
Abdominal drainage	98	105	NA	NA

NA: Not applied.

Table 4 Postoperative complications and hospital stay

Variable	Technique A group(n = 98)	Technique B group(n = 105)	t/χ2	P value
Perioperative mortality	1	1	0.002	0.961
Re-operation	1	0	1.077	0.299
Overall complications	37	59	6.911	0.009
Breakdown of pancreatojejunostomy	0	0	NA	NA
Clinically relevant POPF	7	24	9.674	0.002a
DGE (Grade B and C)	1	14	11.23	0.001a
Bile Leakage	3	7	1.407	0.236
Intra-abdominal fluid collection or infection	20	22	0.009	0.924
Upper GI bleeding	4	5	0.055	0.814
Intra-abdominal bleeding	3	2	0.282	0.595
Wound infection	9	8	0.022	0.882
Pneumonia or pleural effusion	12	9	0.395	0.530
Urinary tract infection	2	3	0.006	0.937
Hospital stay (d)	18.45 ± 9.48	19.86 ± 10.04	1.0271	0.306

^aP < 0.05, technique A group vs technique B group. NA: Not Applied; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying.