Rapid and quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus

Table 1 Characteristics of isothermal amplification methods and polymerase chain reaction reviewed in this article

Method	Temperature requirement (°C)	No. of enzymes	Primer design	Product detection method	Rapid detection possibility	Tolerance to biological components
PCR	55-95	1	Simple	GE, ELISA, Real-time	Yes	No
IAM
LAMP	60-65	1	Complex	GE, turbidity, Real-time	Yes	Yes
TMA	50-60	2	Simple	GE, ELISA, Real-time, ECL	Yes	No
NASBA	37-41	2 or 3	Simple	GE, ELISA, Real-time, ECL	Yes	No
RCA	37	1	Simple	GE, Real-time	Yes	No

ECL: Electrochemiluminescence; GE: Gel electrophoresis; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; IAM: Isothermal amplification methods; LAMP: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification; TMA: Transcription-mediated amplification; NASBA: Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; RCA: Rolling circle amplification.

Table 2 Quantitative detection methods for hepatitis B virus discussed in this review

Method	Target	Detection range	Ref.
Architect	HBsAg	0.05-250.0 IU/mL	[12]
Elecsys	HBsAg	NA	[15]
UV spectrophotometry	HBV DNA	0.4-15000 ng/µL	[23]
In-house assays based on real-time PCR	HBV DNA	101-108 copies/reaction	[27]
	HBV DNA	50-108 IU/mL	[19]
Digital PCR	HBV DNA	Single copy	[39]
IAM
LAMP	HBV DNA	48-108 IU/mL	[43]
TMA	HBV DNA	5 × 103-5 × 108 GE/mL	[47]
NASBA	HBV DNA	103-109 copies/mL	[52]
	HBV DNA	102-109 IU/mL	[53]
RCA	HBV DNA	103-108 IU/mL	[57]
Biosensors
Electrochemical biosensors	HBV DNA	3.96 × 10-7-1.32 × 10-6 mol/L	[65]
	HBV DNA	1.01 × 10-8-1.62 × 10-6 mol/L	[66]
QCM biosensors	HBV DNA	0.02-0.14 mg/mL	[67]
	HBV DNA	8.6 pg/L1	[68]
Microcantilever biosensors	HBV DNA	23.1 fmol/L-2.31 nmol/L	[69]
SPR biosensors	HBV DNA	2 fg/mL1	[45]

¹Only the limits of detection were given in these two papers. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; NA: Not available; LAMP: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification; TMA: Transcription-mediated amplification; NASBA: Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; RCA: Rolling circle amplification; QCM: Quartz crystal microbalance; SPR: Surface plasmon resonance; IAM: Isothermal amplification methods.