Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2015; 21(34): 9838-9852
Published online Sep 14, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838
Published online Sep 14, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838
Table 1 Genes upregulated in gastric cancer
| Symbol (location) | Biological function | Materials | Detection methods | Pt | Survival | Relevant clinical factors | Functional analyses | Interacting molecules | In vivo study | Ref. |
| Early detection | ||||||||||
| ERCC5 (13q33) | DNA repair | Tissue | IHC | 176 | OS | Depth, smoking, Helicobacter pylori | - | - | - | [27] |
| IFITM1 (11p15.5) | Interferon induced transmembrane protein | Tissue | IHC | 151 | - | Differentiation | Migration, invasion | - | - | [21] |
| MMP-9 (20q13.12) | Breakdown of extracellular matrix | Tissue, Circulating | IHC, ELISA | 45 | - | N, stage | - | - | - | [40] |
| PTTG1 (5q35.1) | Homolog of yeast securin proteins | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 98 | OS | - | - | - | - | [43] |
| STC1 (8p21.2) | Regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and cell metabolism | Tissue, circulating | IHC, ELISA | 83 | PFS | N, stage | - | - | - | [30] |
| Monitoring recurrences | ||||||||||
| CD147 (19p13.3) | Plasma membrane protein involved in spermatogenesis | Tissue | IHC | 223 | OS, RFS | Depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [26] |
| CEACAM6 (19q13.2) | Cell adhesion | Tissue | IHC | 106 | - | T, N, vascular invasion | - | HER2 | - | [28] |
| ERBB3 (12q13) | Epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 167 | OS, RFS | Depth | - | IGF-1R, EphA2 | - | [29] |
| NUAK1 (12q23.3) | Regulator of whole-body and cellular energy homeostasis | Tissue | IHC | 117 | OS, RFS | Differentiation, depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [37] |
| SULF1/2 (8q13.2) | Extracellular heparan sulfate endosulfatase | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 450 | OS, RFS | Size, depth, N, stage | Proliferation | - | Yes | [20] |
| Prediction of survival | ||||||||||
| B7-H4 (1p13.1) | Cell surface protein interacting with ligand bound to T cell receptors | Circulating | ELISA | 132 | OS | Size, depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [35] |
| CCND1 (11q13) | Regulators of cell cycles via CDK kinases | Tissue | IHC | 211 | OS | Age | - | - | - | [42] |
| DPYSL3 (5q32) | Cell-adhesion factor involved in the metastatic process of tumor cells | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 238 | OS, RFS | Differentiation, depth, N, CY, stage | - | VEGF, FAK, EZR | - | [33] |
| IL-17 (6p12) | Proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells | Tissue, circulating | IHC, ELISA | 50 | - | N, stage | - | - | - | [22] |
| KDM4A (1p34.1) | Trimethylation-specific demethylase | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 123 | OS, RFS | N, stage | Proliferation, apoptosis | - | - | [32] |
| MAGED2 (Xp11.2) | Unknown | Tissue, Circulating | QPCR, IHC | 225 | OS, RFS | N, stage | - | - | - | [44] |
| MYCL1 (1p34.2) | Transcription factor involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis | Tissue | IHC | 176 | OS | Age, differentiation, stage | - | - | - | [39] |
| NEDD4 (15q) | Regulation of degradation of epithelial sodium channel | Tissue | IHC | 214 | OS | Depth, N, stage | Migration, invasion | - | - | [36] |
| S100A6 (1q21) | Regulation of cell cycle progression and differentiation | Circulating | ELISA | 103 | OS | Vascular invasion, perineural invasion, N, stage | Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis | - | Yes | [38] |
| SATB1 (3p23) | Matrix protein which binds nuclear matrix and scaffold-associated DNAs | Tissue | IHC | 175 | OS, RFS | Age, N | - | - | - | [31] |
| SERPINA1 (14q32.1) | Serine protease inhibitor | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 400 | OS | Age, size, depth, N | Migration, invasion | MMP8 | - | [34] |
| XPO1 (2p15) | Mediator of leucine-rich nuclear export signal-dependent protein | Tissue | IHC | 120 | OS, PFS | HER2, CEA, stage | - | - | - | [25] |
| YBX1 (1p34) | Modulator of gene transcription and protein translation | Tissue | IHC | 167 | - | N, perforation | Migration, invasion | - | - | [41] |
| Prediction of treatment response | ||||||||||
| BMP4 (14q22-23) | Endochondral bone formation | Tissue | IHC | 197 | OS | Chemoresistance | - | EMT | - | [24] |
| TUBB3 (16q24.3) | Formation of microtubules | Circulating | ELISA | 128 | OS | Sex, chemoresistance | - | - | - | [23] |
Table 2 Genes suppressed in gastric cancer
| Symbol (location) | Biological function | Materials | Detection methods | Pt | Survival | Relevant clinical factors | Functional analyses | Interacting molecules | In vivo study | Ref. |
| Early detection | ||||||||||
| TMEFF2 (2q32.3) | Unknown | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 105 | OS | - | Proliferation, apoptosis | SHP-1 | Yes | [61] |
| Monitoring recurrences | ||||||||||
| BTG1 (12q22) | Regulator of cell growth and differentiation | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 233 | OS, RFS | Sex, location, size, N, stage | - | - | - | [59] |
| eIF3f (11p15.4) | Unknown | Tissue | IHC | 195 | RFS | CEA, stage | - | - | - | [57] |
| Prediction of survival | ||||||||||
| ITIH5 (10p14) | Extracellular matrix stabilization | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 331 | OS | Differentiation, N, stage | - | - | - | [60] |
| JAMA (1q21.2-3) | Regulator of tight junction assembly in epithelia | Tissue | IHC | 167 | OS | Size, lymphovascular invasion, N, stage | Migration, invasion | - | - | [58] |
| SEMA3A (7p12.1) | Neuronal pattern development | Tissue | IHC | 128 | OS | Differentiation, depth, N, stage | Proliferation, migration | - | - | [62] |
| STUB1 (16p13.3) | Ubiquitin ligase/cochaperone | Tissue | IHC | 493 | OS | Size, depth, N, stage | Proliferation | NF-κB, IL-8 | Yes | [56] |
Table 3 Methylated markers in gastric cancer
| Symbol (location) | Biological function | Materials | Detection methods | Pt | Survival | Relevant clinical factors | Functional analyses | Interacting molecules | In vivo study | Ref. |
| Early detection | ||||||||||
| APBA2 (15q11-12) | Neuronal adapter protein interacting with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein | Tissue, Circulating | MSP | 90 | OS | Size, differentiation, depth, invasive growth, N, CY, stage | - | - | - | [89] |
| GADD45 (1p31.2) | Responding to environmental stresses | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 138 | OS | Stage | - | - | - | [84] |
| OSR1 (2p24.1) | Development of intermediate mesoderm | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 164 | OS | - | Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis | β-catenin, TCF-1 | - | [94] |
| RASGRF1 (15q24.2) | Mediator of Ras-GEF signaling pathway | Tissue | QPCR | 130 | - | - | Proliferation, invasion | - | - | [82] |
| SPG20 (13q13.3) | Regulating endosomal trafficking and mitochondria function | Tissue, Circulating | IHC, MSP | 119 | OS | - | - | - | - | [95] |
| TUSC1 (9p21.2) | Unknown | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 112 | OS | Age, sex, depth, vascular invasion, N | - | - | - | [92] |
| XAF1 (17p13.1) | Inhibitory factor of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins | Tissue, Circulating | QPCR, IHC | 202 | OS, RFS | Size, depth, N, stage, Helicobacter pylori | - | - | - | [85] |
| Monitoring recurrences | ||||||||||
| DENND2D (1p13.3) | Membrane trafficking protein regulating Rab GTPases | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 112 | OS, RFS | Age, sex, size, depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [96] |
| PDSS2 (6q21) | Synthesize the prenyl side-chain of coenzyme Q | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 238 | OS, RFS | CA19-9, N | - | - | - | [91] |
| Prediction of survival | ||||||||||
| PAX5 (9p13) | B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early stages of B-cell differentiation | Tissue | QPCR | 187 | OS | Stage | Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis | p53 | Yes | [81] |
| PEBP1 (12q24-23) | Inhibitor of Raf1-mediated phosphorylation | Tissue | IHC | 135 | OS | Differentiation, N, stage | - | - | - | [93] |
| RASSF5A (1q32.1) | Suppressor of cell growth in response to activated Ras family | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 132 | OS | Differentiation, depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [90] |
| SOCS4 (14q22.1) | suppressor of cytokine signaling | Tissue | QPCR | 50 | OS | Depth, N | - | - | - | [80] |
| SOX17 (8q11.23) | Transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development | Circulating | MSP | 73 | OS | Differentiation | - | - | - | [83] |
| TCF21 (6q23.2) | Mesoderm specifictranscription factor | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 200 | OS | Differentiation, depth, N | - | - | - | [97] |
| TFF1 (21q22.3) | Protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa | Tissue | QPCR, IHC | 182 | OS | Depth | Invasion | - | - | [87,88] |
| Prediction of treatment response | ||||||||||
| RPRM (2q23.3) | Regulator of cell cycles in a p53-dependent manner | Tissue | QPCR | 83 | OS | Chemoresistance | Proliferation, apoptosis | - | Yes | [86] |
Table 4 Dysregulated microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
| Symbol (location) | Materials | Detection methods | Pt | Survival | Relevant clinical factors | Functional analyses | Interacting molecules | In vivo study | Ref. |
| Early detection | |||||||||
| miR-21 (17q23.1) | Circulating | QPCR | 103 | - | Size, depth | - | - | - | [116] |
| miR-22 (17p13.3) | Tissue | QPCR | 32 | - | - | Proliferation, migration, invasion | CD151 | - | [117] |
| miR-29c (1q32.2) | Tissue | QPCR | 274 | - | - | Proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration | ITGB1 | Yes | [135] |
| miR-30b (8q24.22) | Tissue | QPCR | 21 | - | - | Apoptosis | PAI-1 | Yes | [134] |
| miR-106b (7q22.1) | Circulating | QPCR | 40 | - | Age | - | - | - | [132] |
| miR-129 (7q32.1) | Gastric juice | QPCR | 141 | - | - | - | - | - | [118] |
| miR-141 (12p13.31) | Tissue | QPCR | 30 | - | - | Proliferation, migration, invasion | HDGF | - | [119] |
| miR-148a (7p15.2) | Tissue | QPCR | 64 | - | Size | - | - | - | [127] |
| miR-181c (19p13.13) | Tissue, circulating | QPCR | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | [113] |
| miR-191 (3p21.31) | Tissue, circulating | QPCR | 75 | - | T, stage | Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle | - | - | [126] |
| miR-199a-3p (12) | Tissue, circulating | QPCR | 180 | - | T, N, stage | - | - | - | [115] |
| miR-223 (Xq12) | Circulating | QPCR | 60 | - | Helicobacter pylori | - | - | - | [109] |
| miR-233 (X) | Circulating | QPCR | 50 | - | Size, differentiation, stage | - | - | - | [130] |
| Monitoring recurrences | |||||||||
| miR-26a (3p22.2) | Tissue | QPCR | 40 | OS, RFS | N, stage | Proliferation, metastasis | FGF9 | Yes | [114] |
| miR-34b/c (11q23.1) | Noncancerous tissue | Pyrosequencing | 129 | RFS | Age | - | - | - | [128] |
| miR-185 (22q11.21) | Tissue | QPCR | 126 | OS, RFS | N, stage | Proliferation, metastasis | - | Yes | [129] |
| miR-196a (17q21.32) | Tissue, circulating | QPCR | 72 | - | - | Migration, invasion | - | - | [110] |
| miR-200c (12p13.31) | Circulating | QPCR | 52 | OS, PFS | - | - | - | - | [111] |
| miR-222 (Xp11.3) | Circulating | QPCR | 114 | OS, RFS | N, stage | - | - | - | [121] |
| Prediction of survival | |||||||||
| miR-25 (7q22.1) | Tissue, circulating | QPCR | 70 | OS | N, stage | Proliferation, migration, invasion | TOB1 | Yes | [124] |
| miR-132 (17p13.3) | Tissue | QPCR | 79 | OS | Lymphovascular invasion, N, stage | - | - | - | [125] |
| miR-183 (7q32.2) | Tissue | QPCR | 80 | - | Depth, N, stage | Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis | PDCD4 | - | [122] |
| miR-192 (11q13.1) | Tissue | QPCR | 38 | - | Sex, vascular invasion, N | Invasion | - | - | [136] |
| miR-214 (1q24.3) | Tissue | QPCR | 80 | - | Size, N | Proliferation, migration, invasion | CSF1 | - | [131] |
| miR-630 (15q24.1) | Tissue | QPCR | 236 | OS | Depth, N, stage | - | - | - | [120] |
| Prediction of treatment response | |||||||||
| miR-17-5p (13q31.3) | Circulating | QPCR | 65 | OS | Differentiation, stage | - | - | - | [112] |
| miR-27a (19p13.13) | Circulating | QPCR | 82 | OS | Chemoresistance | - | - | - | [123] |
Table 5 Gastric cancer-associated long non cording RNAs
| Symbol (location) | Materials | Detection methods | Pt | Survival | Relevant clinical factors | Functional analyses | Interacting molecules | In vivo study | Ref. |
| Early detection | |||||||||
| CUDR (19p13.12) | Circulating | QPCR | 106 | OS | - | - | - | - | [142] |
| HOTAIR (12q13.13) | Tissue | QPCR | 60 | - | Perineural invasion, stage | - | - | - | [144] |
| Prediction of survival | |||||||||
| BLACAT1 (1q32.1) | Tissue | QPCR | 85 | OS | Size, N, stage | Proliferation, migration, invasion | - | - | [147] |
| CCAT1 (8q24.21) | Tissue | QPCR | 62 | - | Size, stage | Proliferation, apoptosis | ERK/MAPK pathway | - | [140] |
| GAPLINC (18) | Tissue | Microarray | 90 | OS | Size, N | Proliferation, migration | CD44 | - | [145] |
| HIF1A-AS2 (14q23.2) | Tissue | QPCR | 83 | OS | Depth, N, stage | Proliferation | - | Yes | [146] |
- Citation: Kanda M, Kodera Y. Recent advances in the molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(34): 9838-9852
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i34/9838.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838