PNPLA3 I148M variant affects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver transplant recipients

Table 1 Current status of long-term recipients surviving more than 10 years

	Univariate			Multivariate
	NAFLD (n = 12)	Control (n = 53)	P value	OR	P value
Age (yr)	56.5 ± 8.4	53.6 ± 10.1	0.356	1.04 (0.92-1.18)	0.528
Gender (M/F)	10/2	47/6	0.611	1.40 (0.14-14.2)	0.427
Indication for LT
Hepatitis/cirrhosis/ cancer/others	1/8/2/1	7/35/9/2	0.889
Survival time (yr)	11.2 ± 0.9	11.5 ± 1.4	0.541
BMI (kg/m2)	25.1 ± 3.0	22.5 ± 2.6	0.003	1.47 (1.03-2.08)	0.032
TG (mmol/L)	1.6 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.6	0.038	1.34 (0.38-4.71)	0.652
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.2 (1.0-1.4)	1.3 (1.0-1.7)	0.267
FBG (mmol/L)	7.6 ± 3.4	5.7 ± 1.9	0.013	1.49 (0.93-2.37)	0.095
Hypertension (Yes/no)	3/9	21/32	0.343
SUA (μmol/L)	381.6 ± 75.6	342.6 ± 76.4	0.116
MetS (Yes/no)	4/8	9/44	0.201
ALT (U/L)	36.7 ± 7.0	38.8 ± 6.7	0.882
Alcohol intake (g/wk)	11.6 ± 7.3	21.0 ± 8.2	0.766
Smoking (cigar/d)	4.2 ± 3.4	4.3 ± 1.2	0.969
Exercise (min/d)	18.5 ± 6.0	22.9 ± 2.9	0.513
Immunosuppression
Tacrolimus/ cyclosporine/ MMF/sirolimus/ none	11/1/0/0/0	36/12/1/2/2	0.575
PNPLA3 (CC/CG/GG)	1/3/8	16/21/16	0.018	14.2 (1.78-113)	0.012
TM6SF2 (CC/CT/TT)	11/1/0	47/5/1	0.883	2.68 (0.25-28.5)	0.413

Continuous variables with equal variance are presented as the mean ± SD; Continuous variables with unequal variance are presented as the median (interquartile range); Categorical variables are presented as the number of subjects. One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison between continuous variables with equal variance, Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison between continuous variables with unequal variance, chi-square test was used for the comparison between categorical variables in univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used in the multivariate analysis. The effect of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism was evaluated by a recessive genetic model (GG vs CG + CC); the effect of the TM6SF2 E167K polymorphism was evaluated by a dominant genetic model (CC + CT vs TT) for decreased prevalence of TT carrier. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; F: Female; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LT: Liver transplantation; M: Male; MetS: Metabolic syndrome; MMF: Mycophenolatemofetil; SUA: Serum uric acid; TG: Triglyceride.