Screening for pancreatic cancer in familial high-risk individuals: A systematic review

Table 1 Analytical studies on pancreatic cancer screening

Study	Type of study (number of subjects)	Country	Duration of follow-up	Measured outcome
Canto et al[12], 2006	Prospective controlled study		About 3 yr	Different diagnostic rate of PC, tumor type and screening complications
	(n = 227)	United States
Kim et al[13], 2011	Retrospective			Different tumor type, curative resection, median survival, 3-yr survival rate
	controlled study	Korea	-
	(n = 60)
Potjer et al[14], 2013	Prospective controlled study		A minimum of 1 yr	Different tumor type, frequency and behavior of precursor lesions
	(n = 241)	Netherland
Lachter et al[15], 2007	Retrospective			Different diagnostic rate of PC, the number of operations
	controlled study	Israel	-
	(n = 134)
Zubarik et al[16], 2011	Prospective controlled study			Different diagnostic rate of PC, tumor type, screening complications and cost of detection
	(n = 670)	United States	1 yr

PC: Pancreatic cancer.

Table 2 Non-controlled studies on pancreatic cancer screening

Study (author/year)	Country	Study population n (HRIs%)	Period of time	Pancreatic tumor, n (%)	PC/death, n (%)
Langer et al[17], 2009	Germany	76 (100)	5 yr	6 (7.9)	0 (0)/0 (0)
Rulyak et al[18], 2001	United States	35 (100)	2 yr	12 (34.3)	0 (0)/0 (0)
Sud et al[19], 2014	United States	30 (63.3)	3 yr	3 (10)	2 (6.7)/0 (0)
Al-Sukhni et al[20], 2012	Canada	262 (60.9)	8 yr	84 (32.1)	3 (1.1)/2 (0.8%)
Verna et al[21], 2010	United States	51 (100)	3 yr	20 (39.2)	2 (3.9)/0 (0)
Poley et al[22], 2009	Netherland	44 (47.7)	2 yr	10 (22.7)	3 (6.8)/2 (4.5)
Ludwig et al[23], 2011	United States	109 (100)	7 yr	9 (8.3)	1 (0.9)/0 (0)
Brentnall et al[24], 1999	United States	14 (100)	15 mo	7 (50)	0 (0)/0 (0)
Canto et al[25], 2012	United States	216 (90)	28.8 mo	92 (45.6)	0 (0)/0 (0)

Pancreatic tumors include cystic adenoma, PC, IPMN, PanIN, neuroendocrine tumor. PC: Pancreatic cancer; HRIs: Familial high-risk individuals.

Table 3 Studies on precursor lesions

Category	Surgery, n	Follow-up, n	Complications and prognosis
PanIN	17	0	Just one patient had a fistula after surgery
IPMN	11	97	No relapse or canceration after surgery or follow-up
IPMN + PanIN	6	0	No relapse or canceration after surgery
Mass lesions	3	0	One patient died after surgery; two patients relapsed then treated with chemotherapy
Cytological HGD	7	0	No relapse or canceration after surgery; one patient had hemorrhage 13 mo later

Table 4 Prospective studies on psychological function

Study	Country	Type of study (number of subjects)	Result
Maheu et al[29], 2010	Canada	Prospective controlled study (n = 198)	Non-significant increase in risk perception, cancer worry, or general distress
Breitkopf et al[30], 2012	United States	Prospective controlled study (n = 1406)	HRIs had a greater perceived risk of PC and higher levels of PC worry than controls

PC: Pancreatic cancer.