Effects of Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy on non-conventional liver tumors

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8271

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World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2015; 21(27): 8271-8283
Published online Jul 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8271

Table 1 Breast cancer studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage or activity)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Gordon et al[50]	Therasphere	Breast (75)	RECIST and PET	RECIST	6.6 mo
(8/2014 Epub, RS)	(mean 1.52 Gbq)		@ 1.4 mo (median)	24 (35.3) PR
				43 (63.2) SD
				1 (1.5) PD
				7 lost
				PET
				3 (12) CR
				18 (72) PR or SD
				4 (16) PD
				50 lost
Seyal et al[48]	Unspecified	Breast (21)	RECIST 1.1	34 lesions	None
(8/2014, RS)	(no dosage info)	34 lesions	@ unspecified	6 (17.7) PR
				27 (79.4) SD
				1 (2.9) PD
Saxena et al[47]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (40)	RECIST	2 (5) CR	13.6 mo
(12/2013, RS)	(mean 1.67 Gbq)		@ 1 mo	10 (26) PR
				15 (39) SD
				11 (29) PD
				2 lost
Cianni et al[33]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (77)	RECIST and PET	29 (56) PR	11.5 mo
(1/2013, RS)	(median 1.9 Gbq)		@ 1.8 mo	18 (35) SD
				5 (10) PD
				25 ineligible
Jakobs et al[39]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (30)	RECIST	14 (61) PR	11.7 mo (all)
(5/2008, PC)	(mean 1.9 Gbq)		@ 4.2 mo (median)	8 (35) SD	23.6 mo (responders)
				1 (4) PD	5.7 mo (nonresponders)
				7 lost
Coldwell et al[35]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (44)	RECIST and PET	RECIST	Median OS not reached
(3/2007, RS)	(median 2.1 Gbq)		@ 2.8 mo	17 (47) PR
				17 (47) SD	86% 14-mo survival
				2 PD (5) PD
				8 lost
				PET scans
				42 (95) response
				2 (5) no response/progression
Bangash et al[31]	Therasphere	Breast (27)	WHO and PET	WHO	Median OS not given.
(5/2007, PC)	(median 1.70 Gbq, mean 2.05 Gbq)		@ 3 mo	9 (39.1) CR/PR	6.8 mo (ECOG 0)
				12 (52.1) SD	2.6 mo (ECOG 1,2,3)
				2 (8.8) PD 4 lost	9.4 mo (< 25% tumor burden)
				PET 17 (63) response	2.0 mo (> 25% tumor burden)
				10 (37) no response
Cianni et al[34]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (32, data extracted from larger study)	RECIST	14 (44) CR/PR	None
(1/2010, RS)	(mean 1.64 Gbq)		@ 1.8 mo	11 (34) SD
				7 (22) PD
Reiner et al[46]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (1, data extracted from larger study)	RECIST 1.1	1 (100) CR/PR	None
(1/2014, PC)	(mean 1.5 Gbq)	Breast (1, data extracted from larger study)	@ 4 mo	1 (100) CR/PR	None
Pöpperl et al[45]	SIR-Spheres	Breast (4, data extracted from larger study)	PET	3 (100) Regression	None
(4/2005, PC)	(mean 2.27 Gbq)	Breast (4, data extracted from larger study)	@ 3 mo	1 lost	None

PC: Prospective cohort study; RS: Retrospective study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival; OR: Overall response.

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Table 2 Cholangiocarcinoma studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage or activity)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Ibrahim et al[69]	Therasphere	ICC (24)	WHO	6 (27) PR	14.9 mo
(10/2008, PC)	(median 105.1 Gy)		@ 1 mo	15 (68) SD
				1 (5) PD	31.8 mo (solitary)
				2 lost	6.1 mo (extrahepatic disease)
Saxena et al[71]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (25)	RECIST	6 (26) PR	9.3 mo
(2/2010, PC)	(mean 1.76 Gbq)		@ 8.1 mo (median)	11 (48) SD
				5 (22) PD
				2 lost
Haug et al[68]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (26)	RECIST	5 (22) PR	11.7 mo
(6/2011, PC)	(no dosage info)		@ 2.8 mo	15 (65) SD
				3 (13) PD
				3 lost
Hoffmann et al[3]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (33)	RECIST	12 (36) PR	22 mo
(2/2012, RS)	(median 1.54 Gbq)		@ 3 mo	17 (52) SD
				4 (12) PD
Rafi et al[70]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (19)	RECIST	2 (11) PR	11.5 mo
(4/2013, PC)	(mean 1.20 Gbq)		@ 3 mo	13 (68) SD
				4 (21) PD
Mouli et al[74]	Therasphere	ICC (46)	WHO	11 (25) PR	No median OS
(8/2013, PC)	(no dose info)	Note: overlaps with Ibrahim et al	@ 1 mo	33 (73) SD 1 (2) PD	14.6 mo (solitary) 5.7 mo (multifocal)
Camacho et al[72]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (21)	RECIST	RECIST	16.3 mo
(2/2014, PC)	(no dose info)		mRECIST	1 (4.7) PR
			EASL	16 (76.2) SD
			@ 1 mo	4 (19.1) PD
				mRECIST
				13 (62.0) PR
				4 (19.0) SD
				4 (19.0) PD
				EASL
				2 (9.5) PR
				15 (71.4) SD
				4 (19.1) PD
Filippi et al[73]	SIR-Spheres	ICC (18)	PERCIST	14 (82.3) PR	14.8 mo
(8/2014, PC)	(not given)	ICC (18)	@ unspecified	3 (17.6) SD	14.8 mo

ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PC: Prospective cohort study; RS: Retrospective study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival; OR: Overall response.

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Table 3 Melanoma studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Xing et al[49]	SIR-Spheres	Melanoma (28)	RECIST 1.1	5/28 (21) PR	10.1 mo
(8/2014, RS)	(mean 1.86 Gbq)	13 cutaneous	@ 0.9-1.4 mo	9/28 (38) SD
		15 ocular		10/28 (42) PD
				4 lost
Memon et al[42]	Therasphere	Melanoma (16)	WHO, RECIST, and EASL	WHO	7.6 mo
(6/2014, RS)	(median 1.87 Gbq)	7 ocular	@ 0.9 mo	5 (31) CR/PR
		3 rectal		8 (50) SD
		4 cutaneous		3 (19) PD
		2 unknown		RECIST
				5 (31) CR/PR
				8 (50) SD
				3 (19) PD
				EASL
				6 (38) CR/PR
				7 (43) SD
				3 (19) PD
Gonsalves et al[37]	SIR-Spheres	Ocular melanoma (32)	RECIST 1.0	1 (3) CR	10.0 mo
(2/2011, RS)	(median 1.08 Gbq)		@ 1 mo	1 (3) PR
				18 (56) SD
				12 (38) PD
Kennedy et al[40]	SIR-Spheres	Ocular melanoma (11)	RECIST	1 (11) CR	Median OS not reached
(7/2009, RS)	(median 1.55 Gbq)		@ 1.4 mo	6 (66) PR
				1 (11) SD
				1 (11) PD
				2 lost
Reiner et al[46]	SIR-Spheres	Melanoma (2, data extracted from larger study)	RECIST 1.1	1 (50) CR/PR	None
(1/2014, PC)	(mean 1.5 Gbq)	Melanoma (2, data extracted from larger study)	@ 4 mo	1 (50) SD/PD	None
Lim et al[41]	SIR-Spheres	Ocular melanoma (1, data extracted from larger study)	RECIST	1 (100) PD	None
(4/2005, PC)	(no dosage info)	Ocular melanoma (1, data extracted from larger study)	@ 2 mo	1 (100) PD	None

PC: Prospective cohort study; RS: Retrospective study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival; OR: Overall response.

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Table 4 Pancreatic cancer studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage or activity)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Michl et al[43]	SIR-Spheres	Pancreatic (19)	RECIST	9/13 (64.3) PR	9 mo
(12/2013, RS)	(1.0-2.5 Gbq)		@ 2.6 mo (median)	4/13 (35.7) PD
				6 lost
Cao et al[32]	SIR-Spheres	Pancreatic (7)	RECIST	2 (40) PR	No median OS
(11/2010, RS)	(no dosage info)		@ 1-2 mo	1 (20) SD	1 patient survived to 15 mo
				2 (40) PD
				2 lost
Pöpperl et al[45]	SIR-Spheres	Pancreatic (1, data extracted from larger study)	PET	1 (100) Regression	None
(4/2005, PC)	(mean 2.27 Gbq)	Pancreatic (1, data extracted from larger study)	@ 3 mo	1 (100) Regression	None

PC: Prospective cohort study; RS: Retrospective study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival; OR: Overall response.

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Table 5 Renal cell carcinoma studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage or activity)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Abdelmaksoud et al[30]	SIR-Spheres	RCC (6)	mRECIST	3 CR (60)	12 mo
(3/2012, RS)	(median 1.89 Gbq)		@ 25 mo (mean)	1 PR (20)
				1 PD (20)
				1 lost
Hamoui et al[38]	Therasphere	RCC (1)	Unspecified	1 (100) SD	Patient died 23 mo after SIRT
(2/2013, case report)	(80 Gy)	RCC (1)	@ 1.8 mo	1 (100) SD	Patient died 23 mo after SIRT

SIRT: Selective internal radiation therapy; RS: Retrospective study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival.

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Table 6 Lung or thoracic cancer studies n (%)

Author	Type of microsphere	Type of mets (patients)	Response criteria	Response	Median OS
(publish date and study type)	(average dosage or activity)	Type of mets (patients)	@ 1^st assessment	Response	Median OS
Gaba et al[36]	Therasphere	Squamous cell lung cancer (2)	PET CT	2 (100) CR	Patient 1: Alive 11 mo after SIRT
(8/2012, case report)	(1.57-3 Gbq)	Squamous cell lung cancer (2)	@ 2-3 mo	2 (100) CR	Patient 2: Alive 2 mo after SIRT
Murthy et al[44]	SIR-Spheres	Lung cancer (6)	Unspecified	1 (17) PR	2.7 mo
(2/2008, RS)	(no dosage info)	2 carcinoids 3 adenocarcinomas	@ unspecified	1 (17) “minor response”
		1 small cell carcinoma		1 (17) SD
				3 (50) PD
Reiner et al[46]	SIR-Spheres	NSCLC (1, data extracted from larger study)	RECIST 1.1	1 (100) CR/PR	None
(1/2014, PC)	(mean 1.5 Gbq)	NSCLC (1, data extracted from larger study)	@ 4 mo	1 (100) CR/PR	None

SIRT: Selective internal radiation therapy; RS: Retrospective study; PC: Prospective cohort study; CR: Complete response; PR: Progressive response; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; OS: Overall survival.

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Citation: Kuei A, Saab S, Cho SK, Kee ST, Lee EW. Effects of Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy on non-conventional liver tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(27): 8271-8283
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i27/8271.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8271