Performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines for dyspepsia in Saudi population: Prospective observational study

Table 1 Study variables

Variable	Description
Age	< 50 yr of age
	≥ 50 yr of age
Gender	Male or female
Alarm symptoms	Anemia
	Hemoglobin level
	Male: < 13 g/dL
	Female: < 12 g/dL
	Weight loss of more than 4 kg
	Vomiting
	Loss of appetite
	Dysphagia
	Gastrointestinal bleeding
	Palpable abdominal mass
Other independent variables	Smoking
	Use of NSAID
	History of Helicobacter pylori treatment

NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients stratified by presence and absence of the normal and abnormal endoscopic finding as well as univariable analysis of all corresponding variables

Characteristics	Percentage of patients	Normal	Abnormal	P value	Univariable analysis
					OR (95%CI)
Female	70.1%	53%	47%	0.399	0.7 (0.37-1.47)
Male	29.9%	45%	55%	0.711	1.02 (0.97-1.56)
Age ≥ 50	29%	60%	40%	0.094	1.01 (0.99-1.04)
Smoker	12%	42%	58%	0.671	1.49 (0.56-3.94)
Taking NSAID	14%	35%	65%	0.094	2.16 (0.86-5.44)
Vomiting	18%	47%	53%	0.285	1.25 (0.54-2.91)
Prior endoscopy	29%	38%	62%	0.039	2.06 (1.02-4.13)
Weight loss	16%	46%	54%	0.283	1.2 5(0.54-2.91)
Loss of appetite	16%	46%	54%	0.283	1.25 (0.54-2.91)
Dysphagia	3%	20%	80%	0.161	4.32 (0.47-39.52)
GI bleeding	3%	20%	80%	0.161	4.32 (0.47-39.52)
Epigastric mass	2%	0%	100%	0.075
Low Hb	39%	41%	59%	0.245	1.08 (0.94-1.25)
Presence of H. pylori	22%	36%	64%	0.044	2.2 (1.01-4.87)

H. pylori: Heliobacter pylori; GI: Gastrointestinal; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

Table 3 Findings of endoscopy according to American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines

Endoscopy finding	ASGE indicated	ASGE not indicated	P value
	(63%)	(37%)
Normal	50%	54%
Abnormal	50%	46%	0.6390
Important endoscopic finding	8%	3%	0.7806

ASGE: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.