Transvaginal cholecystectomy vs conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics and quality of the studies

Ref.	Country	Publish Year	Study Period	Approach	Scopy	Follow up	Design	Quality assessment
Bulian et al[23,27]	Germany	2013	2008-2010	V + A	Rigid instruments	1.04-3.14 yr	Prospective	Good
Solomon et al[28]	United States	2012	2009-2010	V + A	Flexible endoscope	1 mo	Prospective	Fair
Santos et al[29]	United States	2012	2009-2010	V + A	Flexible endoscope	3 mo	Prospective	Fair
Noguera et al[24]	Spain	2012	2009-2010	V + A	Flexible endoscope	13-20 mo	RCT	Good
Borchert et al[30]	Germany	2012	2007-2009	V + A	Rigid instruments	1 mo	Prospective	Good
Zornig et al[31]	Germany	2011	2007-2009	V + A	Rigid instruments	3-10 mo	Retrospective	Good
Niu et al[32]	China	2011	2009-2010	V + A	Flexible endoscope	2-11 mo	Retrospective	Good
Kilian et al[33]	Germany	2011	2008-2009	V + A	Rigid instruments	Null	Prospective	Fair
Hensel et al[34]	Germany	2011	2010-2010	V + A	Rigid instruments	3 mo	Prospective	Fair

Quality assessment was evaluated using modified Jadad Score³⁹ for the randomized controlled trials with a possible score of between 0 and 7 (highest level of quality), and “Good” was defined as a Jadad score of 4-7; and “poor” defined as a Jadad score of ≤ 3. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of other studies. Maximum score on this scale was a total of 9. “Good” was defined as a total score of 7-9; “fair” defined as a total score of 4-6; and “poor” defined as a total score of < 4. V + A: Vaginal and abdominal; RCT: Randomized clinical trial.

Table 2 Demographic characteristics of studies

Ref.	Sample		ASA	Age (yr)		BMI (kg/m2)		Abdominal operative history
				TVC	CLC	TVC	CLC	TVC	CLC
Bulian et al[23]	50	50	NSD	46.3	48.8	26.7	28.7	46	28
Bulian et al[27]	50	50	NSD	46.3	48.8	26.7	28.7	46	28
Solomon et al[28]	14	11	NA	33.5 ± 3	35.5 ± 4.1	28.8 ± 1.5	31.4 ± 2.2	0	0
Santos et al[29]	7	7	NSD	38 ± 6	34 ± 12	29 ± 5	27 ± 5	28.6	42.8
Noguera et al[24]	20	20	NSD	40.6	47.2	27.5	27.4	NA	NA
Borchert et al[30]	84	81	NSD	52.9 ± 12.6	54.7 ± 15.2	27.1 ± 4.9	27.8 ± 5.6	65.5	63
Zornig et al[31]	100	100	NA	49	50	26	26	35	54
Niu et al[32]	43	48	NA	47.2 ± 9.6	NA	21.5 ± 6.2	NA	NA	NA
Kilian et al[33]	15	20	NSD	50.7 ± 12.4	55 ± 14	25.5 ± 2.5	24.7 ± 3.2	13.3	10
Hensel et al[34]	30	30	NSD	54	56	27	28	46.7	40

TVC: Transvaginal cholecystectomy; CLC: Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy; NA: Not availiable; NSD: No significant difference.