High-mobility group box 1 expression and lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Association of high-mobility group box 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor with clinicopathologic parameters in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma n (%)

Parameters	HMGB1		P value	VEGF-C		P value
	Low	High		Low	High
Age (yr)
< 60	18 (42.9)	24 (57.1)		25 (59.5)	17 (40.5)
≥ 60	9 (39.1)	14 (60.9)	0.771	10 (43.5)	13 (56.5)	0.056
Gender
Male	15 (46.9)	17 (63.6)		15 (46.9)	17 (53.1)
Female	12 (36.4)	21 (63.6)	0.390	18 (54.5)	15 (45.5)	0.536
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	8 (36.4)	14 (63.6)		10 (45.5)	12 (54.5)
≥ 5	19 (44.2)	24 (55.8)	0.545	23 (53.5)	20 (46.5)	0.540
Histologic classification
Well	8 (47.1)	9 (52.9)		12 (70.6)	5 (29.4)
Moderate	10 (32.3)	21 (67.7)		10 (32.3)	21 (67.7)
Poor	9 (52.9)	8 (47.1)	0.329	12 (70.6)	5 (29.4)	0.016
Tumor stage
I + II	21 (41.2)	30 (8.8)		25 (49.0)	26 (51.0)
III + IV	6 (42.9)	8 (57.1)	0.910	8 (57.1)	6 (42.9)	0.590
Node stage
Negative	25 (50)	25 (50)		30 (60.0)	20 (40.0)
Positive	2 (13.3)	13 (86.7)	0.011	3 (20.0)	12 (80.0)	0.007
UICC stage
I + II	18 (48.6)	19 (51.4)		21 (56.8)	16 (43.2)
III + IV	9 (32.1)	19 (67.9)	0.181	12 (42.9)	16 (57.1)	0.267
Microvascular invasion
Negative	20 (39.2)	31 (60.8)		26 (51.0)	25 (49.0)
Positive	7 (50.0)	7 (50.0)	0.458	7 (50.0)	7 (50.0)	0.948
Perineural invasion
Negative	22 (38.6)	35 (61.4)		30 (52.6)	27 (47.4)
Positive	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)	0.2601	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	0.475a
Satellite nodular
Negative	24 (44.4)	30 (55.6)		27 (50)	27 (50)
Positive	3 (27.3)	8 (72.7)	0.292	6 (54.5)	5 (45.5)	0.783
HBV infection
Negative	24 (42.1)	33 (57.9)		30 (52.6)	27 (47.4)
Positive	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	1.0001	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	0.475a
Calculus
Negative	23 (40.4)	34 (59.6)		29 (51.8)	27 (48.2)
Positive	4 (50.0)	4 (50.0)	0.7121	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	0.708a
LMVD
Low	15 (57.7)	11 (42.3)		18 (69.2)	8 (30.8)
High	12 (30.8)	27 (9.2)	0.031	15 (38.5)	24 (61.5)	0.015

¹Analyzed by Fisher's exact test. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; LMVD: lymphatic microvessel density. HMGB1: High-mobility group box 1; VEGF-C: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Table 2 Correlations of high-mobility group box 1 with lymphatic microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor C in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

HMGB1	LVD		P value	r	VEGF-C		P value	r
	Low	High			Negative	Positive
Negative	15	12	0.031	0.268	18	9	0.03	0.268
Positive	11	27			15	23

HMGB1: High-mobility group box 1; VEGF-C: Vascular endothelial growth factor; LVD: Lymphatic microvessel density.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Parameters	HR	95%CI	P value
Node stage
Negative	1.000
Positive	3.166	1.108-9.046	0.031
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	1.000
≥ 5	4.212	1.429-12.420	0.009
Microvascular invasion
Negative	1.000
Positive	2.730	1.088-6.850	0.032
HMGB1
Negative	1.000
Positive	4.517	1.458-13.992	0.009
VEGF-C
Negative	1.000
Positive	3.003	1.016-8.875	0.047

HMGB1: High-mobility group box 1; HR: Hazard ratio; VEGF-C: Vascular endothelial growth factor C.