Clinical outcome of medium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma treated with microwave ablation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 182)

Clinical features	Number of patients
HCC size range 3.02-5.0 cm mean size 3.72 ± 0.54 cm
Sex
Males	155
Females	27
Age (yr)
≤ 60	105
> 60	77
Child-Pugh classification
A	170
B	12
ALB (g/L)
≤ 35	37
> 35	145
ALT (U/L)
≤ 41	107
> 41	75
Portal hypertension
Yes	82
No	100
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
≤ 18.8	115
18.8-34.2	50
> 34.2	17
AFP (μg/L)
≤ 20	98
20-400	52
> 400	32
Etiology of HCC
HBV	140
HCV	3
HBV + HCV	3
Other reason(s)	36
PLT (× 109/L)
< 45	14
45-100	66
≥ 100	102

PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatic B virus; HCV: Hepatic C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Cox survival analysis of predictors for recurrence-free survival in 182 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following microwave ablation

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	Pvalue	HR	95%CI	Pvalue
Tumor diameter	1.173	0.784-1.755	0.439
Sex (male/female)	1.223	0.662-2.258	0.521
Age (> 60 yr/ ≤ 60 yr)	0.825	0.535-1.272	0.384
Child-Pugh classification (A/B)	0.507	0.232-1.106	0.088	0.665	0.271-1.635	0.372
ALB (> 35 g/L/ ≤ 35 g/L)	1.367	0.799-2.336	0.254
ALT (> 41 U/L, ≤ 41 U/L)	0.956	0.619-1.475	0.837
Total bilirubin (> 34.2 mmol/L/18.8-34.2 mmol/L/ ≤ 18.8 mmol/L)	0.749	0.547-1.026	0.072	0.805	0.563-1.151	0.234
AFP (> 400 mg/L/20-400 mg/L/ ≤ 20 mg/L)	0.861	0.660-1.124	0.271
Etiology of HCC [HBV/HCV/HBV+HCV/Other reason(s)]	0.901	0.747-1.086	0.274
PLT (≥ 100 × 109/L/45 × 109-100 × 109/L/＜ 45 × 109/L)	1.079	0.781-1.490	0.647
Portal hypertension (Yes/No)	0.936	0.607-1.443	0.764

PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatic B virus; HCV: Hepatic C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 3 Cox survival analysis of predictors for overall survival in 182 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following microwave ablation

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	Pvalue	HR	95%CI	Pvalue
Tumor diameter	1.314	0.692-2.439	0.404
Sex (male/female)	1.403	0.537-3.667	0.490
Age (> 60 yr/ ≤ 60 yr)	0.912	0.444-1.871	0.801
Child-Pugh classification (A/B)	0.492	0.149-1.622	0.244
ALB (> 35 g/L/ ≤ 35 g/L)	5.969	2.938-12.129	0.000	3.296	1.340-8.111	0.009
ALT (> 41 U/L, ≤ 41 U/L)	0.921	0.454-1.868	0.819
Total bilirubin (> 34.2 mmol/L/18.8-34.2 mmol/L/ ≤ 18.8 mmol/L)	0.488	0.306-0.778	0.003	0.881	0.528-1.469	0.626
AFP(> 400 mg/L/20-400 mg/L/ ≤ 20 mg/L)	0.657	0.433-0.998	0.049	0.834	0.533-1.305	0.427
Etiology of HCC [HBV/HCV/HBV + HCV/Other reason(s)]	0.910	0.658-1.258	0.566
PLT (≥ 100 × 109/L/45 × 109-100 × 109/L/＜ 45 × 109/L)	2.040	1.277-3.259	0.003	1.148	0.451-2.924	0.772
Portal hypertension (Yes/No)	0.327	0.154-0.695	0.004	0.802	0.188-3.413	0.765
Local tumor recurrence(s) (Yes/No)	0.543	0.190-1.553	0.255
New lesion(s) (Yes/No)	3.678	1.688-8.017	0.001	2.517	1.098-5.771	0.029

PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatic B virus; HCV: Hepatic C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.