Endoscopic ultrasonography for staging of T1a and T1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of the 72 patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of T1a or T1b stage n (%)

Characteristics	Data
Age (yr)
≤ 581	36 (50)
> 58	36 (50)
Sex
M	47 (65.3)
F	25 (34.7)
T1 stage
T1a	35 (48.61)
T1b	37 (51.39)
Differentiation
Carcinoma in situ	26 (36.11)
Well	6 (8.33)
Moderately	30 (41.67)
Poorly	10 (13.89)
Site of neoplasm
Upper third	9 (12.50)
Mid third	52 (72.22)
Lower third2	11 (15.28)

¹Median age;

²The lower third not including the squamous cell carcinoma in the esophageal-gastric junction. M: Male; F: Female.

Table 2 Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for staging T1a or T1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Pathology	Expert 1		Expert 2		Common results
	T1a (n = 36)	T1b (n = 36)	T1a (n = 39)	T1b (n = 33)	T1a (n = 36)
T1a (n = 35)	23	13	25	10	26
T1b (n = 37)	13	24	14	23	10
Group
AC	65.30%		66.70%		70.80%
SE	65.70%		64.10%		74.30%
FPR	35.10%		35.90%		27.00%
FNR	34.30%		30.30%		25.70%
SP	64.90%		69.70%		73.00%
PPV	63.90%		71.40%		72.20%
NPV	66.70%		62.20%		75.00%
AUC	0.653		0.668		0.736
P value	0.026		0.014		0.001

AC: Accuracy; SE: Sensitivity; FPR: False positive rate; FNR: False negative rate; SP specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value. AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 3 Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for staging T1a or T1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to tumor location

Site of neoplasm		Expert 1		Expert 2		Common results
		T1a	T1b	T1a	T1b	T1a	T1b
Upper third	T1a	4	2	4	2	4	1
	T1b	1	2	1	2	1	3
Mid third	T1a	14	10	16	11	17	8
	T1b	9	19	7	18	6	21
Lower third	T1a	5	1	5	1	5	1
	T1b	2	3	2	3	2	3
Group
AC	Upper third	66.7%		66.7%		77.8%
	Mid third	63.50%		65.40%		73.10%
	Lower third	72.70%		72.70%		72.70%
SE	Upper third	66.70%		66.70%		80.00%
	Mid third	58.30%		59.30%		68.00%
	Lower third	83.30%		83.30%		83.30%
FPR	Upper third	66.70%		66.70%		75.00%
	Mid third	67.90%		72.00%		77.80%
	Lower third	60.00%		60.00%		60.00%
FNR	Upper third	80.00%		80.00%		80.00%
	Mid third	60.90%		69.60%		73.90%
	Lower third	71.40%		71.40%		71.40%
SP	Upper third	50.00%		50.00%		75.30%
	Mid third	65.50%		62.10%		72.40%
	Lower third	75.00%		75.00%		75.00%

AC: Accuracy; SE: Sensitivity; FPR: False positive rate; FNR: False negative rate; SP: Specificity.

Table 4 Cox multivariate analyses of factors affecting diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for staging T1a or T1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Characteristics	Hazards ratio	P value
Age ( ≤ 58 vs > 58 yr)	1.240	0.269
Sex (male vs female)	0.923	0.340
Tumor width, cm ( ≤ 2 vs > 2)	1.407	0.240
Tumor length, cm ( ≤ 2 vs > 2)	4.984	0.0291
Differentiation (well-moderate vs poor)	2.815	0.098

¹A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.