Therapy with stem cells in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Two types of stem cell therapy are currently used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Type of therapy	Mechanisms of action
Hematopoietic stem cells	Autologous transplant: Elimination of reactive T lymphocytes (lymphoablation, new reconstitution of the immune system of the patient with more tolerogenic naïve lymphocytes). The genetic predisposition of the patient is not modified
	Allogenic transplant: Replacement of the immune system with the donor immune system, correcting patient genetic predisposition. Not accepted due to high morbidity-mortality
Mesenchymal stem cells (autologous or allogenic)	Systemic and local administration: Immune-modulating and trophic action