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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2014; 20(44): 16596-16602
Published online Nov 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16596
Published online Nov 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16596
Table 1 Comparison of technical features of first and second generation colon capsules
CCE | Year of introduction | Size (mm) | Field of view | Frame rate (images/s) | Frame rate in the upper intestines | Special features |
PillCam Colon 1 (CCE-1) | 2006 | 31 × 11 | 156° | 4 | Sleeping mode 1 h 45 min | - |
PillCam Colon 2 (CCE-2) | 2009 | 31.5 × 11.6 | 172° | 4-35 | 14/min until first frame of small bowel | Adaptive Image rate, Graphic interface, Live imaging |
Table 2 Complication rates reported from studies involving both first and second generation colon capsules n (%)
Ref. | Year | n | Complications | Major complications in detail | |
Minor | Major | ||||
Schoofs et al[3] | 2006 | 41 | 0 | 0 | - |
Eliakim et al[37] | 2006 | 98 | 0 | 1 | Perforation at colonoscopy |
Van Gossum et al[10] | 2009 | 320 | 26 (2.9%) | 0 | Associated to bowel preparation: 22/26 |
Eliakim et al[4] | 2009 | 104 | 8 (7.7%) | 1 (0.96%) | 7/8 associated to bowel preparation |
1/1 urinary retention | |||||
Pilz et al[38] | 2010 | 59 | 1 (1.69%) | 1 (1.69%) | 1/1 perforation nach Koloskopie |
1/1 skin reaction from capsule electrodes | |||||
Gay et al[39] | 2010 | 128 | 0 | 0 | - |
Sacher-Huvelin et al[11] | 2010 | 545 | 19 (3.5%) | 3 (0.5%) | Heart failure, potentially associated to bowel preparation: patient died |
Bleeding at mucosectomy | |||||
Perforation at colonoscopy | |||||
Spada et al[8] | 2011 | 109 | 8 (6.8%) | 1 (0.85%) | 5/8 associated to bowel preparation |
2/8 fatigue | |||||
1/8 pain | |||||
1/1 perforation at colonoscopy | |||||
Herrerías-Gutiérrez et al[40] | 2011 | 144 | 0 | 0 | - |
Hartmann et al[13] | 2012 | 50 | 4 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 3/4 associated to bowel preparation |
1/1 perforation at colonoscopy | |||||
Kakugawa et al[14] | 2012 | 64 | 1 (1.56%) | 0 | 1/1 associated to bowel preparation |
Total | - | 1621 | 67 (4.1%) | 8 (0.49%) | - |
Table 3 Four-point grading scale for objective description of the level of cleanliness of the colon during colon capsule endoscopy[41]
Cleansing level scale | Description | Categories |
Poor | Inadequate; Large amount of fecal residue precludes a complete examination | Inadequate Quality of the investigation is significantly compromised |
Fair | Inadequate but examination completed | |
Enough feces or turbid fluid to prevent | ||
a reliable examination | ||
Good | Adequate | AdequateQuality of the investigation is not significantly compromised |
Small amount of feces or turbid fluid not interfering with examination | ||
Excellent | Adequate | |
No more than small bits of adherent feces |
Table 4 Diagnostic accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy for the detection of significant colon polyps (≥ 6 mm or ≥ 3 polyps)
Ref. | Year published | Colon capsule | Number of patients included | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
Schoofs et al[3] | 2006 | CCE-1 | 36 | 77% | 70% | 59% | 84% |
Eliakim et al[37] | 2006 | CCE-1 | 84 | 50% | 83% | 40% | 88% |
Van Gossum et al[10] | 2009 | CCE-1 | 320 | 64% | 84% | - | - |
Gay et al[39] | 2010 | CCE-1 | 126 | 87.5% | 76% | 79% | 85% |
Pilz et al[38] | 2010 | CCE -1 | 56 | 79% | 54% | 63% | 71% |
Sacher-Huvelin et al[11] | 2010 | CCE-1 | 545 | 39% | 88% | 47% | 85% |
Eliakim et al[4] second gen | 2009 | CCE-2 | 98 | 89% | 76% | 46% | 97% |
Spada et al[8] | 2011 | CCE-2 | 109 | 84% | 64% | - | - |
Rex et al[6] | 2013 | CCE-2 | 689 | 81% | 93% | - | - |
Table 5 Colon capsule endoscopy for incomplete colonoscopy or patients with contraindications for colonoscopy
Ref. | Year | n | CCE | Complete visualization of the colon by CCE + colonoscopy | Treatment decision influenced in … | Significant findings | Capsule retention |
Pioche et al[23] | 2012 | 102 | CCE-1 | 93% | 59% | 34% | 12 cases |
Alarcón-Fernández et al[42] | 2012 | 34 | CCE-1 | 85% | 59% | 23.5% | - |
Negreanu et al[43] | 2013 | 67 | CCE-2 | 77% (CCE) | - | 34% | 2 cases |
90% (CCE + colonoscopy) | |||||||
Triantafyllou et al[44] | 2013 | 75 | CCE-1 | 91% | - | 44% | - |
- Citation: Tal AO, Vermehren J, Albert JG. Colon capsule endoscopy: Current status and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(44): 16596-16602
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i44/16596.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16596