Seroprevalence of celiac disease among United Arab Emirates healthy adult nationals: A gender disparity

Table 1 Demographic, serology and clinical history data in adult Emiratis diagnosed serologically with celiac disease

Subject	Gender	Age	tTG IgA1	EMA IgA	Clinical history
1	M	24	7.6	+++	a
2	F	28	1.27	+	t
3	F	22	2.42	+++	n
4	F	24	3.6	++	n
5	F	23	8.25	+++	a
6	F	20	3.15	++	n
7	F	20	6.6	+++	n
8	F	22	4.87	+++	a
9	F	25	9.1	+++	n
10	F	18	9.89	+	a
11	F	24	9.13	+++	n
12	F	27	7.6	+	n
13	F	24	4.25	+++	n
14	F	22	6.78	++	a

¹Using qualitative evaluation ratio for tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA the cutoff for the positive > 1.2, equivocal 0.85-1.2, and negative subjects < 0.85. a: Anemia; t: Thyroid disorder; n: No complain; M: Male; F: Female; EMA: Anti-endomysial antibodies.

Table 2 Distribution and association of variables according to celiac disease serology in Emiratis distribution n (%)

Variable		CD-ve	CD+ve	1OR (95%CI) [P value]	2OR (95%CI) [P value]
CD in family	No3	1181 (99.8)	14 (100)	0.998 (0.99-1.00)	-
	Yes	2 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	[0.828]
Anemia	No3	1097 (92.7)	9 (64.3)	7.09 (2.32-21.61)	4.58 (1.45-14.48)
	Yes	86 (7.3)	5 (35.7)	[0.003]	[0.01]
Headache	No3	1171 (99.0)	14 (100)	0.997 (0.99-1.00)	-
	Yes	12 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	[0.594]
Diarrhea	No3	1178 (99.6)	14 (100)	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	-
	Yes	5 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	[0.731]
Diabetes	No3	1162 (98.2)	14 (100)	0.996 (0.99-1.00)	-
	Yes	21 (1.7)	0 (0.0)	[0.480]
Tumor	No3	1182 (99.9)	14 (100)	0.98 (0.97-0.99)	-
	Yes	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	[0.878]
Thyroid disorder	No3	1175 (99.3)	13 (92.9)	11.30 (1.32-96.95)	-
	Yes	8 (0.7)	1 (7.1)	[0.09]
Hepatitis	No3	1172 (99.1)	14 (100)	0.998 (0.99-1.00)	-
	Yes	11 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	[0.610]
Sex	Man3	623 (52.7)	1 (7.1)	14.46 (1.89-110.91)	10.47 (1.33-82.14)
	Woman	560 (47.3)	13 (92.9)	[0.001]	[0.026]

¹Crude odd ratio; ²Adjusted odd ratio;

³Reference group. CD: Celiac disease.

Table 3 Distribution of celiac disease serology and structural interview data in adult Emiratis men and women distribution n (%)

Parameter		Frequency	Men	Women	P value
CD Serology	-ve	1183 (98.8)	623 (99.8)	560 (97.7)	0.00061
	+ve	14 (1.2)	1 (0.2)	13 (2.3)
CD in family	No	1195 (99.8)	624 (100)	571 (99.7)	0.2291
	Yes	2 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.3)
Anemia	No	1106 (92.4)	601 (96.3)	505 (88.1)	< 0.0012
	Yes	91 (7.6)	23 (3.7)	68 (11.9)
Headache	No	1185 (99.0)	618 (99.0)	567 (99.0)	1.0002
	Yes	12 (1.0)	6 (1.0)	6 (1.0)
Diarrhea	No	1192 (99.6)	621 (99.5)	571 (99.7)	1.01
	Yes	5 (4.4)	3 (0.5)	2 (0.3)
Diabetes	No	1176 (98.2)	606 (97.1)	570 (99.5)	< 0.0052
	Yes	21 (1.8)	18 (2.9)	3 (0.5)
Tumor	No	1196 (99.9)	623 (99.8)	573 (100)	1.01
	Yes	1 (0.1)	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)
Thyroid disorder	No	1188 (99.2)	622 (99.7)	566 (98.8)	0.0961
	Yes	9 (0.8)	2 (0.3)	7 (1.2)
Hepatitis	No	1186 (99.1)	617 (98.9)	569 (99.3)	0.6422
	Yes	11 (0.9)	7 (1.1)	4 (0.7)

¹Fisher's Exact Test;

²χ² with continuity correction. CD: Celiac disease.