Reduction effect of bacterial counts by preoperative saline lavage of the stomach in performing laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	Non systemic lavage group (n = 12)	Systemic lavage + balloon occlusion group (n = 10)	P value
Age (yr), (range) (mean ± SD)	52-78 (69.7 ± 8.8)	48-76 (66.3 ± 9.2)	0.3261
Sex; Male/Female	3/9	2/8	0.6992
Location; U/M/L	6/5/1	5/5/0	0.1662
Operation time (min)	128-249 (146.3 ± 83.8)	112-216 (131.6 ± 63.6)	0.0871
Resected specimen (mm)	28-43 (38.7 ± 14.0)	26-40 (32.9 ± 16.3)	0.7931
Hospitalization duration (d)	10 (7-13)	9 (8-12 )	0.8241

¹Unpaired t-test;

²χ² test. SD: Standard deviation; U: Upper region of the stomach; M: Middle region of the stomach; L: Lower region of the stomach.

Table 2 Clinical data of pre-/post- laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery

		Non systemic lavage group (n = 12)	Systemic lavage + balloon occlusion group (n = 10)	P value (unpaired t-test)
WBC (/μL) median (95%CI)	Day before LECS	5060 (4250-9640)	4400 (3660-7620)	0.125
	Day after LECS	12140 (6050-14110)	8910 (6480-10980)	0.029
	LECS day 3	6910 (5320-12520)	5950 (4840-7860)	0.042
CRP (mg/mL) median (95%CI)	Day before LECS	0.08 (0.02-0.52)	0.03 (0.01-1.10)	0.158
	Day after LECS	5.49 (3.56-7.51)	2.21 (0.39-5.17)	0.005
	LECS day 3	5.35 (0.67-20.1)	2.17 (0.14-3.90)	0.028
BT (°C) median (95%CI)	Day before LECS	36.4 (36.1-37.0)	37.1 (36.5-37.4)	0.071
	Day after LECS	38.1 (37.6-38.5)	37.6 (36.8-38.6)	0.004
	LECS day 3	37.6 (36.0-38.0)	37.1 (36.3-37.4)	0.006

LECS: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; BT: Body temperature.

Table 3 Bacterial counts before/after gastric systematic lavage

Case No.	Gastric juice culture before gastric lavage (CFU/mL)	Gastric juice culture after suture closure (CFU/mL)	Ascites culture after suture closure (CFU/mL)
1	1.5 × 106	1	7
2	2.1 × 105	7	1
3	1.3 × 104	1	1
4	1.5 × 104	3	3
5	1.1 × 104	2	1
6	9.4 × 106	4	1
7	1.2 × 106	3	1
8	2.5 × 105	5	2
9	1.8 × 104	1	1
10	1.0 × 106	3	1