MicroRNAs as controlled systems and controllers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 miRs deregulated in experimental models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	miR	miR regulation	Experimental model
[55]	miR-122	Up-regulation	In vivo: Silencing by antisense-base technology in a diet induced obesity mouse model
[56]	miR-122	Up-regulation	In vivo: Inhibition by antisense oligonucleotides “locked nucleic acid” (LNA) in monkeys
[59]	miR-34a miR155 miR-200b miR-221	Up-regulation	In vivo: C57BL/6J and DBA/2J methyl-deficient diet mice fed
	miR-29c miR-122 miR-192 miR-203	Down-regulation
[60]	miR-200a miR-200b miR-429	Up-regulation	In vivo: HFD/HFr fed rats
	miR-27 miR-122 miR-451	Down-regulation
[61]	miR 200b miR 155	Up-regulation	In vivo: HFD/HFr fed rats In vitro: HepG2 hepatoma cell line upon FFA stimulation
[62]	miR-15b	Up-regulation	In vivo: HFD fed rats In vitro: L02 human hepatocyte cell line treated with palmitate
[63]	miR-10b	Up-regulation	In vitro: Steatotic model of human L02 hepatocytes
[66]	miR-103 mi-R107	Up-regulation	In vivo: Dietary obese rats
[71,72]	miR-34a	Up-regulation	In vivo: Dietary obese mice

HFD/HFr: Hypercaloric diet enriched in fat/fructose.

Table 2 miRs deregulated in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	miR	miR regulation	Source	Phenotype
[74]	miR-34a miR-122 miR-21 miR-451	Up-regulation	Blood	Only miR-122 is correlated with the severity of liver steatosis
[75]	miR-122 miR-34a miR-16	Up-regulation	Blood	Positive correlation with fibrosis, inflammation and hepatic steatosis
[77]	miR-122 miR-122	Up-regulation Down-regulation	Blood/liver	From mild to severe hepatosteatosis End-stage liver fibrosis
[79]	miR-15b	Up-regulation	Blood	Positive correlation with NAFLD parameters
[80]	miR-34a miR-146 miR-122	Up-regulation Down-regulation	Liver Liver	Association between NASH and altered hepatic miRNA expression

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Table 3 Key miRs involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and their target genes

Ref.	miR	Target genes
[55,56]	miR-122	Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, Dhcr7
[70-72]	miR-34a	SIRT1, NAMPT, β-Klotho coreceptor
[63] [66]	miR-10b miR-33a/b	PPAR-α SIRT6 ABCA1