Role of surgery and transplantation in the treatment of hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumor

Table 1 Comparison of outcomes

Labels	Publication year	Number of patients LR/other	5 yr OS LR/other	Median survival LR/other (mo)
Liver resection vs no Liver resection
Søreide et al[16]	1992	36/39		216/48
Chen et al[17]	1998	15/23	73%/29%	1/27
Grazi et al[7]	2000	9/19	92.6%/18.5%2
Ahmed et al[18]	2009	50/310	78%/52%	135/66
Surgery vs Ablation
Yao et al[19]	2001	16/20	70%/40%	3/32
Osborne et al[20]	2006	38 Complete and 23 palliative/53	78% and 64%/35%	50 ± 27.6/32 ± 18.9
Surgery vs Intra-arterial therapy
Mayo et al[21]	2011	339/414	74%/30%	123/34
Surgery vs Transplantation
Coppa et al[22]	2001	9/20	67%/70%	29%/53%
Surgical resection
Mayo et al[23]	2011	Resection +/- Ablation (66 simultaneous ablation)	339
Saxena et al[24]	2011	Resection +/- Ablation	74
Karabulut et al[25]	2011	Resection	27
Glazer et al[26]	2010	Resection +/- Ablation (18 Patients only RFA)	172	77.40%
Scigliano et al[27]	2009	Resection	41	79%
Fischer et al[28]	2008	Resection	118	44%
Kianmanesh et al[29]	2008	Resection	23	94%
Gomez et al[30]	2007	Resection	18	86%
Osborne et al[20]	2006	Cytoreduction	704
Musunuru et al[31]	2006	Resection +/- Ablation	13	83%5
Touzios et al[32]	2005	Resection +/- Ablation	18	72%
Sarmiento et al[2]	2003	Complete resection in 70 patients	170	61%
Elias et al[33]	2003	Resection and 36 with concurrent extrahepatic resection	47	71%
Coppa et al[22]	2001	Resection	20	67%
Grazi et al[7]	2000	Resection	19	92%6
Chen et al[17]	1998	Resection	15	73%

¹Median survival not reached during the study period;

²4 year survival;

³Median survival not reached during the study period;

⁴Mean survival;

⁵3 year survival;

⁶4-year survival.

Table 2 Comparison of outcomes of liver transplantation

Ref.	Publication year	Number of patients	Overall survival(5 yr)	Progression/disease free survival (5 yr)
Le Treut et al[10]	(1982-2009)	213	52%	30%
	(2000-2009)	106	59%	39%
Nguyen et al[39]	(1988-2011)	184	49%
	(2002-2011)	110	58%
Gedaly et al[9]	2011	150	49%	32%
Máthé et al[38]	2011	89	44%
Le Treut et al[37]	2008	85	47%
Lehnert et al[36]	1998	103	47%

Table 3 Comparison of outcomes of ablative techniques

Ref.	Publication year	Mode of therapy	Number of patients ablated	Median PFS	Median OS
Taner et al[34]	2012	RFA and extra-hepatic resection	94	24 mo
Karabulut et al[25]	2011	RFA	69	10.5 mo	73 mo
Akyildiz et al[44]	2010	RFA	30	15.6 mo	72 mo
Martin et al[45]	2010	MWA and extra-hepatic resection	11	8 mo	18 mo
Mazzaglia et al[46]	2007	RFA and extra-hepatic resection	63		47 mo
Gillams et al[47]	2005	RFA	25		29 mo
Seifert et al[49]	1998	Cryotherapy	13		103 mo
Shapiro et al[50]	1998	Cryotherapy	5	1
Bilchik et al[51]	1997	Cryotherapy	19	10 mo	49 mo

¹Mean follow-up 2.5 years, overall survival 20%. MWA: Microwave ablation.

Table 4 Comparison of outcomes of Intra-arterial therapies

Ref.	Publication year	Mode of therapy	Number of patients ablated	Median PFS	Median OS
Paprottka et al[58]	2011	RE	42	1
Dong et al[59]	2011	HACE	123		40 mo
Saxena et al[60]	2010	RE	48		35 mo
Cao et al[61]	2010	RE	58		36 mo
Kennedy et al[62]	2008	RE	148		70 mo
King et al[63]	2008	RE	37		29 mo
Ho et al[64]	2007	HAE/HACE	46	18 mo	42 mo
Ruutiainen et al[65]	2007	HACE	57	36 mo
Strosberg et al[66]	2006	HAE	84		36 mo
Gupta et al[67]	2005	HAE/HACE	123
			74 HAE	22 mo	34 mo
			49 HACE	16 mo	23 mo
Touzios et al[32]	2008	HAE/HACE	100
			51 HAE		25.5 mo
			49 HACE		25.7 mo
Ruszniewski et al[68]	1993	HACE	24	14 mo

¹Mean follow up 16. 2 mo, 95.2% alive. HACE: Hepatic artery chemo-embolization; HAE: Hepatic artery.