Complex interactions between microRNAs and hepatitis B/C viruses

Table 1 miRNAs as potential hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostic and prognostic markers

miRNA	Expression(vs control)	HCC etiology	Clinical relevance	Ref.
Liver miRNAs
miR-29c	Down	HBV	Diagnostic marker therapeutic agent	[95]
miR-96	Up	HBV	Diagnostic marker	[84]
miR-148	Up	HBV	Early diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for HBx-mediated HCC	[81]
miR-155	Up	HCV	Diagnostic marker therapeutic target	[123]
miR-221/222	Up	HCV	New markers for stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis progression	[127]
miR-602	Up	HBV	Early diagnostic marker	[98]
Serum miRNAs
miR-18b	Up	Mainly HCV	Prognostic marker	[146]
miR-20a	Up	HCV	Sensitive biomarker for early detection of HCV infection	[137]
miR-26	Down	mainly HBV	Prognostic marker	[90]
miR-29a-5p	Up	HBV	Novel predictor for early recurrence of HBV-HCC after surgical resection	[145]
miR-92a	Up	HBV	Novel biomarker for HBV infection and HBV-HCC	[101]
miR-122	Up	HBV	Novel biomarker for liver injury but not specifically for HCC	[102,105]
miR-125b-5p	Up	HBV	Novel biomarkers of HCC in very early, even at CHB stage of liver disease	[111]
miR-210	Up	HBV	A molecular biomarker for the severity of hepatitis	[110]
miR-223	Down	HBV	Novel biomarkers of HCC in very early, even at CHB stage of liver disease	[111]
miR-224	Up	HBV	Autophagy-miR-224-Smad4 in combination could be used prognostic marker	[100]
miR-375	Up	HBV	Novel biomarker for HBV infection and HBV-HCC	[101]
miR-572	Up	HBV	Biomarker for liver injury	[102]
miR-575	Up	HBV	Biomarker for liver injury	[102]
miR-638	Up	HBV	Biomarker for liver injury	[102]
miR-744	Down	HBV	Biomarker for liver injury	[102]
Urinary miRNAs
miR-618	Up	HCV	Early diagnostic marker of HCC among high-risk HCV patients	[144]
miR-650	Down	HCV	Early diagnostic marker of HCC among high-risk HCV patients	[144]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.