Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis

Table 1 Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric mucosa with various lesions n (%)

Pathological diagnosis	COX-2 expression
Chronic superficial gastritis	30 (10.0)
Gastric glandular atrophy	28 (35.7)a
Intestinal metaplasia	45 (37.8)b
Dysplasia	12 (41.7)a
Gastric cancer	23 (69.5)bc

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs chronic superficial gastritis;

^cP < 0.05 vs gastric glandular atrophy. Data adapted from Sun et al[21]. COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2.

Table 2 Correlation of clinicopathological parameters with cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer

Clinicopathological parameter	n	COX-2 expression
		0	1	2	3	Rate	P value
Age (yr)
< 60	35	7	9	9	10	80.0%	0.5261
≥ 60	61	12	15	26	8	80.3%	0.9692
Gender
Male	67	10	17	27	13	85.1%	0.1561
Female	29	9	7	8	5	69.0%	0.0692
Tumor site
Cardia	30	9	7	9	5	70.0%	0.4271
Corpus	26	5	6	9	6	80.8%	0.1912
Antrum	40	5	11	17	7	87.5%
Stages
I + II	38	14	9	10	5	63.2%	0.0041
III + IV	58	5	15	25	13	91.4%	0.0012
Histological type
Tubular	54	12	13	20	9	77.8%	0.1071
Papillary	30	6	9	9	6	80.0%	0.6332
Mucinous	6	1	2	3	0	83.3%
Signet ring cell	6	0	0	3	3	100.0%
Histological grading
Well and moderately	65	11	17	26	11	83.1%	0.7351
Poorly	31	8	7	9	7	74.2%	0.3072
Lymph node metastasis
Present	58	7	13	26	12	87.9%	0.0181
Absent	38	12	11	9	6	68.4%	0.0192

¹Result from grade comparisons of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression among the patients with different clinicopathological characteristics using Wilcoxon test or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test;

²Result from percentage comparisons of COX-2 expression among the patients with different clinicopathological characteristics using χ²-test. Data adapted from Sun et al[104]. Specimens with a grade of > 1 were regarded as positive expression, whereas grades 2 and 3 were defined as overexpression.