Methylation-mediated gene silencing as biomarkers of gastric cancer: A review

Table 1 Commonly methylated genes in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal tissue

Gene	Frequency (%)	Assay	Function	Ref.
ITGA4	96.0	Q-MSP	Other	[19]
ZIC1	94.6	MSP	Transcriptional regulation	[20]
PRDM5	88.0	MSP	Cell cycle	[21]
PCDH10	82.0	MSP	Apoptosis	[22]
TFPI2	80.9	MSP	Other	[23]
RUNX3	75.2	Q-MSP	Transcriptional regulation	[24]
SPINT2	75.0	MSP	Cell growth/differentiation	[25]
BTG4	73.7	MSP	Other	[26]
SFRP2	73.3	Q-MSP	Apoptosis	[27]
hMLH1	72.9	MSP	DNA repair	[28]
DKK-3	67.6	MSP	Wnt pathway	[29]
TCF4	67.0	Pyrosequencing	Cell cycle	[30]
GRIK2	66.6	Q-MSP	Cell adhesion/invasion/migration	[31]
RARβ	65.8	MSP	Retinoic acid pathway	[32]
CHFR	65.0	Q-MSP	Other	[33]
BNIP3	65.0	Q-MSP	Apoptosis	[33]
RASSF1A	61.8	MSP	Ras pathway	[14]
LRP1B	61.0	Q-MSP	Other	[34]
SFRP5	56.0	Q-MSP	Wnt pathway	[19]

MSP: Methylation-specific PCR; Q-MSP: Quantitative methylation-specific PCR.