Original Article
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2014; 20(3): 745-754
Published online Jan 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.745
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients n (%)
VariablesBCLC stage 0 (n = 40)BCLC stage A (n = 89)P value
Age (yr)59.5 ± 10.061.7 ± 11.00.208
Male28 (73)64 (67)0.836
Etiology
HBV18 (45)40 (45)0.822
HCV5 (13)9 (10)
Alcohol10 (25)21 (24)
Others7 (17)19 (21)
Child-Pugh score5.4 ± 1.05.9 ± 0.90.976
Cirrhosis38 (95)73 (85)0.146
Albumin (g/dL)3.9 ± 0.73.9 ± 2.20.904
AST (IU/L)67.7 ± 68.391.4 ± 217.20.503
ALT (IU/L)43.2 ± 40.162.2 ± 133.10.378
TB (mg/dL)1.2 ± 1.31.2 ± 0.90.971
GGT (IU/L)98.9 ± 98.9136.3 ± 244.90.398
N of TACE treatment2.1 ± 1.52.7 ± 2.50.066
AFP (ng/mL)75.6 ± 159.6490.7 ± 1582.40.018
Greatest diameter of mass (cm)1.4 ± 0.32.8 ± 1.0< 0.001
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transferase; AFP: α-fetoprotein.
Table 2 Analysis for the risk factors of mortality n (%)
VariablesMortality (n = 41)Survival (n = 88)P value
Male27 (66)65 (74)0.405
Age (yr)60.9 ± 9.860.9 ± 11.20.956
Alcohol history23 (56)52 (59)0.846
Smoking history29 (71)59 (67)0.835
Presence of cirrhosis37 (90)77 (88)0.772
BCLC class (A0/A1)7/3433/550.024
Number of nodule36/2/379/8/10.129
Number of feeding vessel (1/2/≥ 3)34/0/764/1/230.471
Child-Pugh score6.1 ± 1.05.6 ± 0.90.013
Greatest diameter of nodule (cm)2.5 ± 1.02.3 ± 1.10.383
Number of TACE treatment3.3 ± 2.52.2 ± 2.00.010
Amount of doxorubicin used (mg)29.4 ± 13.225.9 ± 12.40.156
Amount of lipiodol used (mL)7.3 ± 3.75.9 ± 3.40.041
Presence of arterio-venous shunt9 (20)9 (10)0.284
Use of gelatin sponge21 (51)35 (40)0.239
Complete lipiodol uptake31 (76)63 (72)0.492
Sub-segmental approach of catheter32 (78)66 (75)0.624
Extrahepatic collateral supply1 (2)2 (2)1.000
Visible hepatic vein during TACE34 (83)73 (83)0.711
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.
Table 3 Cox-regression analysis for risk factors of mortality
VariablesCox-regression analysis
P valueHR95%CI
Age (yr)0.420.990.95-1.02
Gender (female/male1)0.0083.471.39-8.68
Child-Pugh score (> 5/51)0.0053.861.50-9.91
Amount of lipiodol used (> 7 cc/ ≤ 7 cc1)0.0133.511.30-9.44
Arterio-venous shunt (yes/no1)0.0324.411.14-17.11
Number of nodules (> 1/11)0.5301.630.36-7.51
Amount of doxorubicin used (> 27 cc/ ≤ 27 cc1)0.3180.980.93-1.02
BCLC class (A1/A01)0.7661.170.41-3.36
Lipiodol uptake (complete/incomplete1)0.1742.470.67-9.08
Number of feeding vessel (≥ 2/11)0.0860.320.09-1.17
Gelfoam use (yes/no1)0.0542.380.98-5.76
Greatest diameter of nodule (cm)0.3950.850.57-1.25
AFP (ng/mL)0.0651.001.00-1.01
1Reference category. BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AFP: α-fetoprotein.
Table 4 Response following transarterial chemoembolization in patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 and stage A hepatocellular carcinoma
CT findings after TACE
RECIST
EASL
mRECIST
CRPRSDPDCRPRSDPDCRPRSDPD
1 mo after first TACE1 (n)4710709912431001432
1 mo after last TACE2 (n)1665161040151740497744
111 patients were excluded because of missing value;
222 patients were excluded because of missing value. TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; RECIST: Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; m: Modified; CR: Complete response; PR: Partial response; SD: Stable disease; PD: Progressive disease.
Table 5 Recurrence, progression, and survival after transarterial chemoembolization
Numbers of patients with recurrence77 (59.70%)
Numbers of patients with progression44 (34.10%)
Time to recurrence and progression147.0 (4.6) and 77.3 (5.1)
1-yr recurrence and progression rate33% and 22%
2-yr recurrence and progression rate55% and 33%
3-yr recurrence and progression rate61% and 39%
Recurrence-free survival127.8 (29.2)
Progression-free survival133.8 (30.6)
1months, mean (SD).