Helicobacter pylori-negative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: Negative idiopathic ulcers in Asia

Table 1 Prevalence of idiopathic ulcers

Ref.	Year	Country	Sampling period	Sampling style	Subjects disease	Subjects number	Prevalence of IPU (%)	Diagnostic method for H. pylori
North America
Perterson et al[5]	1996	United States	Not mentioned	RCT	DU	185	26	Hist/RUT/culture
Jyotheeswaran et al[6]	1998	United States	1993-1996	Retrospective	PUD	305	39	Hist/RUT
Ciociola et al[7]	1999	United States	1991-1995	6 RCT	DU	2910	27	Hist/RUT/culture
Europe
McColl et al[9]	1993	United Kingdom	Past 5 yr	Cross-sectional	DU	400	1.5	Hist/RUT/UBT/antibody
Gisbert et al[10]	1999	Spain	Not mentioned	Prospective	DU	774	0.8	RUT/culture/UBT
Meucci et al[11]	2000	Italy	1995-1996	Prospective	PUD	409	4.4	Hist/RUT
Bytzer et al[12]	2001	Denmark	1993-1995	RCT	DU	276	8	Hist/culture/antibody
Konturek et al[13]	2003	Poland	1996-2000	Prospective	PUD	1898	18.7	UBT
Arents et al[14]	2004	Netherland	1991-1998	Retrospective	PUD	405	5	Hist/RUT/culture
Arroyo et al[15]	2004	Spain	Not mentioned	Prospective	PUD	830	4.1	Hist/RUT/UBT
Sbrozzi-Vanni et al[16]	2010	Italy	2005-2007	Retrospective	PUD	300	4	Hist/UBT
Musumba et al[3]	2012	United Kingdom	2005-2010	Retrospective and prospective	PUD	386	12	Hist/RUT/antibody
Australia
Borody et al[17]	1991	Australia	Not mentioned	Prospective	DU	302	0.3	Hist/culture
Xia[18]	2000	Australia	Not mentioned	Prospective	PUD	48	40	Hist/RUT/culture
Asia
Tsuji et al[19]	1999	Japan	1995-1997	Prospective	DU and GU	DU: 120, GU: 215	GU:2.3, DU: 0.9	Hist/RUT/culture/antibody
Higuchi et al[20]	1999	Japan	Not mentioned	Cross-sectional	DU	338	2.4	Hist/RUT/culture/UBT/antibody
Aoyama et al[21]	2000	Japan	1995-1998	Cross-sectional	DU and GU	302	2.6	Hist/culture/antibody
Nishikawa et al[22]	2000	Japan	1992-1997	Cross-sectional	PUD	398	1.3	Hist/RUT/antibody
Chan et al[23]	2001	Hong Kong	1997-1998	Prospective	hPUD	977	4.1	Hist/RUT
Xia et al[24]	2001	Hong Kong	1997-1999	Prospective	DU	599	17.4	Hist/RUT/UBT
Kamada et al[25]	2003	Japan	Past 8 yr	Cross-sectional	DU	464	1.3	Hist//UBT/antibody
Chu et al[26]	2005	Hong Kong	1996-2002	Prospective	DU	1343	23	Hist/RUT
Yakoob et al[27]	2005	Pakistan	1999-2000	Retrospective	DU	217	29	Hist/RUT
Hung et al[28]	2005	Hong Kong	2000	Prospective	hPUD	638	18.8	Hist/RUT
Ong et al[29]	2006	Singapore	2002-2004	Prospective	PUD	600	8	Hist/RUT
Ootani et al[30]	2006	Japan	2000-2002	Prospective	hPUD	116	1.7	RUT/UBT/antibody
Jang et al[31]	2008	South Korea	2004-2005	Prospective	PUD	895	22.2	Hist/RUT
Chen et al[32]	2010	Taiwan	2003-2004	Prospective	DU	731	8	RUT/UBT
Goenka et al[33]	2011	India	2008-2009	Prospective	PUD	142	36.6	RUT/UBT
Chang et al[34]	2011	Taiwan	2007-2008	Prospective	PUD	204	17.2	Hist/RUT/UBT
Wong et al[35]	2012	Hong Kong	2002-2009	Prospective	hPUD	4827	13.8	Hist/RUT
Kang et al[36]	2012	South Korea	2006-2008	Prospective	PUD	173	16.2	Hist/RUT/culture/antibody

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; RUT: Rapid urease test; UBT: Urea breath test; PUD: Peptic ulcer diseases; DU: Duodenal ulcers; GU: Gastric ulcers; hPUD: Hemorrhagic peptic ulcer diseases; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.