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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2014; 20(28): 9600-9610
Published online Jul 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9600
Published online Jul 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9600
Table 1 Interactive effect between DNA synthesis and repair-related genetic polymorphisms and diet on gastric cancer risk
| Ref. | No. case/control | Gene | Diet/nutrient | Outcome | ||
| (control) | (polymorphism) | Gene | Diet/nutrient | Interaction | ||
| Takezaki et al[24], 2002, China | 101/198 (Population) | hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) | Meat, soybean, vegetable, garlic, tea, alcohol | No assoc | Pickled vegetable (freq. vs non-freq): OR = 2.53 (1.52-4.21) | The positive assoc between pickled vegetable (P interaction = 0.093) or meat (P interaction = 0.083) and GC risk was stronger in Cys/Cys carriers than in Ser carriers; a frequent alcohol consumption (≥ 2 times/wk) increased GC risk in Cys/Cys carriers (P interaction = 0.086) |
| Stolzenberg-Solomon et al[18], 2003, China | 90/398 (Population) | MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) | Alcohol | No assoc | Unknown | Alcohol drinkers increased GC risk among those with MTHFT 677TT carriers (P interaction = 0.03) |
| MTRR (A66G) | ||||||
| Tsukino et al[23], 2004, Japan | 142/271 (Hospital) | hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) | Salt, fruit, vegetable, Vt C, β-carotene | No assoc | Unknown | The positive assoc between salt and GC risk was observed only in Cys allele carriers (P interaction = 0.01); the protective effect of cruciferous vegetable on GC risk was stronger among Ser/Ser genotype carriers (P interaction = 0.053) |
| Huang et al[25], 2005, Poland | 281/390 (Population) | XRCC (Arg399Gln) XPD (Lys751Gln) MGMT (Ile143Val, Leu84Phe) XRCC3 (Thr241Met) | Fruit/vegetable | No assoc | Fruit (low vs high): OR = 2.2 (1.3-3.6) | The positive assoc between low fruit or vegetable intake was modified by selected polymorphisms in XRCC1, XPD, MGMT (P interaction = 0.1-0.2) |
| Nan et al[26], 2005, South Korea | 110/220 (Hospital) | hMLH1 promoter | Cereal, potato, fruit, vegetable, mushroom, butter/cheese/margarine, protein, Vt C, P, K, Zn, Ca, alcohol | Unknown | Unknown | High vegetables increased GC risk and high potato intake decreased GC risk among cases with hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation; high intake of protein, P, K, Zn, Vt C, and Ca was associated with higher GC risk without hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter; high alcohol consumption was associated with a higher GC risk among those with hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter |
| Graziano et al[19], 2006, Italy | 162/164 (Population) | MTHFR (C677T) | Alcohol | 677TT vs CC: OR = 2.95 (1.57-5.55) | Unknown | Alcohol drinking modified the association between MTHFR C677T and GC risk (P interaction = 0.09) |
| Lacasaña-Navarro et al[21], 2006, Mexico | 201/427 (Hospital) | MTHFR (C677T) | Folate, alcohol | 677TT vs CC: OR = 1.62 (1.00-2.59) | No assoc | No interaction |
| Boccia et al[16], 2007, Italy | 102/254 (Hospital) | MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) | Fruit, vegetable, alcohol | 677TT vs CC for diffuse GC: OR = 2.92 (1.19-5.58) | Alcohol (high vs low): OR = 3.74 (1.13-12.45) | Low fruit/vegetable consumers increased GC risk among individuals with 677TT genotype |
| Mu et al[17], 2007, China | 206/415 (Population) | MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) | Fruit, vegetable | 677TT vs CC: OR = 2.80 (1.41-5.56) | No assoc | MTHFR 677TT genotype showed a stronger positive association among low fruit/vegetable intake subjects compared with high intake groups |
| Zhang et al[11], 2007, Poland | 305/427 (Population) | MTHFR (2 SNPs) MTR (1 SNP) MTRR (7 SNPs) | Folate | No assoc | No assoc | No interaction |
| Galván Portillo et al[14], 2009, Mexico | 248/478 (Population) | MTHFR (C677T) | Folate, choline, Vt B6, Vt B12, methionine | 677TT vs C allele: OR = 0.23 (0.06-0.84) | Folate (P = 0.001) | Among individuals with MTHFR 677TT genotype, low folate intake increased, but high folate intake decreased diffuse GC risk (P interaction = 0.055) |
| Duan et al[29], 2012, China | 400/400 for rs751402; 403/403 for rs2296147(Population) | ERCC5 (rs751402, rs2296147) | Alcohol | rs751402(AA vs GG):OR = 1.99 (1.20-3.31)rs2296147(CC vs TT): OR = 2.17 (1.04-4.54) | Unknown | Alcohol drinking substantially increased GC risk for subjects carrying rs2296147 CC homozygous variants, but their interaction was not statistically significant |
| Gao et al[15], 2013, China | 264/535 (Population) | MTHFR (C677T) | Folate | 677TT vs CC: OR = 2.08 (1.28-3.66) | Folate (high vs low): OR = 0.54 (0.34-0.83) | MTHFR 677TT carriers increased GC risk among subjects with low folate intake (P interaction = 0.005） |
Table 2 Interactive effect between carcinogen metabolism-related genetic polymorphisms and diet on gastric cancer risk
| Ref. | No. case/control | Gene | Diet/Nutrient | Outcome | ||
| (control) | (polymorphism) | Gene | Diet/nutrient | Interaction | ||
| Nishimoto et al[58], 2000, Brazil | 332/528 (Hospital) | CYP2E1 (RsaI C/A) | Meat | No assoc | The frequency of meat consumption was higher in case only among Japanese, not Brazilians | No interaction |
| Setiawan et al[33], 2000, China | 143/433(Population) | GSTT1 (null) GSTM1 (null) | Salt, fruit, alcohol | GSTT1 null vs normal: OR = 2.5 (1.01-6.22) | Fruit (P < 0.001)Alcohol (P = 0.051) | High salt intake increased GC risk only among GSTT1 null carriers. |
| Gao et al[42], 2002, China | 98/196 (Population) | CYP2E1 (RsaI) | Meat, soybean, vegetable (pickled or raw), tomato, garlic, tea, alcohol | No assoc | Unknown | No interaction |
| Gao et al[46], 2002, China | 153/223(Population) | GSTM1 (null)GSTT1 (null) | Tea, alcohol | No assoc | Tea drinking was a protective effect on GC risk: OR = 0.38 (0.24-0.62) | Tea consumption decreased GC risk among those with GSTT1 null genotype; frequent alcohol intake increased GC risk in those with GSTM1 positive genotype. |
| Boccia et al[39], 2005, Italy | 76/260 (Hospital) | SULT1A1 (His/His) | Fruit, vegetable, grilled/barbecued meat, alcohol | His/His vs Arg/Arg: OR = 3.32 (1.17-9.45) | Frequency of GC was higher among those with high fruit intake (P = 0.043) | Among individuals carrying SULT1A1 His/His genotype, high fruit or grilled/barbequed meat intake increased GC risk; alcohol intake increased GC risk among those with His/His genotype. |
| Nan et al[35], 2005, South Korea | 421/632 (Hospital) | CYP1A1 (Ile/Val) CYP2E1 (c1/c2) GSTM1 (null) GSTT1 (null) ALDH2 (*1/*2) | Kimchi, soybean paste, vegetable, allium, seafood, soybean food | CYP1A1 Val carriers vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.34 (1.04-1.73) | Kimchi (high vs low): OR = 1.57 (1.22-2.01);Soybean pastes (high vs low): OR = 1.62 (1.26-2.09);Non-fermented alliums (high vs low): OR = 0.70 (0.54-0.89); Non-fermented seafood (high vs low): OR = 0.66 (0.51-0.85) | High intake of kimchi or soybean pastes was associated with increased GC risk among carriers with CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, CYP2E1 c1/c1, GSTT1 positive, or ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype; non-fermented alliums were associated with a decreased GC risk among carriers of CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 positive, or ALDH2 *1/*2 or *2/*2 genotype; non-fermented seafood was associated with a reduced GC risk among carriers with CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, CYP2E1 c1/c1, ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype. |
| Boccia et al[59], 2007, Italy | 107/254 (Hospital) | CYP1A1 (*2A)CYP2E1 (*5A or *6)mEH (rapid, slow, very slow)GSTM1 (null)GSTT1 (null)NAT2 (slow)SULT1A1 (Arg/His, His/His) | Alcohol, fruit/vegetable, grilled meat, meals salt addition | GSTT1 null and NAT2 slow acetylators: OR = 3.00 (1.52-5.93) | Alcohol ( < 7 g/d vs≥ 7 g/d)OR = 2.10 (1.22-3.60) | Alcohol drinkers carrying the variant allele of CYP2E1 (*5A or *6 alleles) had an increased GC risk compared to those drinking without the variant allele (P for heterogeneity = 0.001) |
| Kobayashi et al[40], 2009, Japan | 149/296 (Hospital) | NAT2 (4 SNPs) CYP1A1 (Ile462Val) CYP1A2 (5’UTR) | Grilled/barbecued meat, HCA | No assoc | No assoc | No interaction |
| Malik et al[60], 2009, India | 108/195 (Population) | GSTM1 (null) GSTT1 (null) GSTP1 (1313Ile/Val) GSTM3 (intron 6 3-bp del) CYP1A1 (6235T/C) CYP2E1 (Rsal-1091C/T) | High salted tea | GSTM1 null vs normal: OR = 1.98 (1.22-3.21); CYP2E1 Rsal c2 vs c1: OR = 2.18 (1.12-4.24); GSTM3 intron 6 3-bp del B vs A: OR = 0.50 (0.27-0.92) | Salted tea (high vs low): OR = 14.78 (8.22-27.23) | No interaction |
| Piao et al[43], 2009, South Korea | 2213/1699 (Population) | GSTM1 (null) GSTT1 (null) | Alcohol | No assoc | No assoc | No interaction |
| Zhang et al[36], 2009, South Korea | 471/471 (Hospital) | NAT2 acetylator | Meat, Vt B6, Fe, nut, stew, Kimchi, soybean paste, soybean food, allium, seaweeds, alcohol | No assoc | High intake of stews, kimchi, soybean paste, sodium, well-done meat, and alcohol increased GC risk; high intake of nuts, non-fermented soybean foods, non-fermented alliums decreased GC risk. | High intake of kimchi, stews, soybean paste, and alcohol were increased GC risk in slow/intermediate acetylators. |
| Shin et al[44], 2011, South Korea | 445/370 (Hospital) | ALDH2 (*1/*2) | Alcohol | No assoc | Ex-drinker vs never-drinker: OR = 1.68 (1.07-2.64) | There was an interaction between drinking status and ALDH2 genotype (ALDH*1/*1 vs ALDH2 *1/*2, P interaction = 0.048). |
| Duell et al[41], 2012, Europe | 364/1272 (EPIC study; nested case-control) | ADH1A (2 SNPs)ADH1B (5 SNPs)ADH1C (9 SNPs)ADH7 (10 SNPs)ALDH2 (2 SNPs) | Alcohol | Allelic ORADH1A rs1230025: OR = 1.30 (1.07-1.59); ADH1C rs283411: OR = 0.59 (0.38-0.91); ALDH2 rs16941667: OR = 1.34 (1.00-1.79) | Alcohol (high vs low): OR = 2.37 (1.37-4.10) | Alcohol intake modified the association between ALDH1A rs1230025 and GC risk. |
| Zhang et al[61], 2012, China | 618/1147(Population) | GSTP1 (Ile105Val) | Alcohol | Ile/Ile vs Val/Val: OR = 3.32 (1.79-6.17) | Alcohol (drinker vs nondrinker): P < 0.002 | Alcohol drinking increased GC risk among Val/Val carriers compared with Ile/Ile carriers |
| Matsuo et al[45], 2013, Japan | 697/1372 (Hospital) | ALDH2 (Glu504Lys) | Alcohol, fruit/vegetable | Alcohol (heavy vs non-drinker): OR = 1.72 (1.17-2.52) | A significant interaction between alcohol drinking and ALDH2 Lys allele (P = 0.0054) | |
| Eom et al[37], 2013, South Korea | 477/477 (Hospital) | CYP1A2 (3 SNPs)CYP2E1 (3 SNPs)EPHX1 (3 SNPs) GSTM1 (null)GSTT1 (null) | Aflatoxin B1 | CYP1A2 (CT vs CC): OR = 0.72 (0.52-0.98) | Aflatoxin B1 (low vs high): OR = 1.94 (1.43-2.63) | No interaction |
Table 3 Interactive effect between other genetic polymorphisms and diet on gastric cancer risk
| Ref. | No. case/control | Gene | Diet/nutrient | Outcome | ||
| (control) | (polymorphism) | Gene | Diet/nutrient | Interaction | ||
| Mu et al[47], 2005, China | 206/415 (Population) | GSTM1 (null) | Green tea | Multi-genetic index (≥ 3 vs 0-1): OR = 2.21 (1.02-4.79) | Green tea (high vs low): OR = 0.39 (0.17-0.91) | Among individual carrying p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype, no green tea drinking increased GC risk compared with those with Arg carriers and green tea drinking |
| GSTT1 (null) | ||||||
| GSTP1 (Ile/Val) | ||||||
| p53 codon 72 | ||||||
| (Arg/Pro) | ||||||
| Sul et al[52], 2006, United States | 155/134 (Hospital) | p53 codon 72 (Pro/Arg) | Na, calorie, fiber, fat, Vt C, alcohol | No assoc | Unknown | Possible interactions were observed between Vt C or fat intake and Pro/Pro genotype on GC risk |
| Ko et al[49],2009, South Korea | 84/336 (Korean Multi-Center Cancer Cohort; nested case-control) | IL-1B (4 SNPs) | Soybean product | No assoc | No assoc | Low intake of soybean product increased GC risk among carriers of IL-10 gene variants (-592 GG/GA, -819 TC/CC, or -1082 AG/GG) |
| IL-2 (2 SNPs) | ||||||
| IL-4 (2 SNPs) | ||||||
| IL-8 (3 SNPs) | ||||||
| IL-10 (3 SNPs) | ||||||
| Wright et al[54], 2009, Poland | 279/414 (Population) | SLC23A1 (4 SNPs) SLC23A2 (9 SNPs) | Vt C | No assoc | Fruit/juice (P < 0.001) | No interaction |
| López Carrillo et al[48], 2012, Mexico | 158/317 (Hospital) | IL-1B (-31C/T) | Capsaicin | No assoc | Unknown | IL-1B-31 C allele carriers infected with H. pylori (CagA+) strains with moderate/high consumption of capsaicin showed an increased GC risk compared to T carriers (P interaction between Cap consumption and IL-1B-31C carrier = 0.04) |
| Oliveira et al[50], 2012, Brazil | 200/246 (Population) | IL-1RN (VNTR)TNF-β (A252G) | Alcohol | IL-1RN (VNTR) L/2+2/2 vs LL OR = 2.53 (1.66-3.80) | Drinker vs non-drinker: OR = 3.09 (1.91-5.02) | No interaction |
| Agudo et al[53], 2013, Europe | 365/1284 (EPIC study, nested case-control) | HFE (9 SNPs) | Fe | H63D G allele vs CC) (dominant): OR = 1.73 (1.20-2.51) for non-cardia; OR = 1.93 (1.25-2.98) for intestinal type | No assoc | No interaction |
| Song et al[55], 2013, South Korea | 3245/1700 (Hospital) | PRKAA1 and PTGER4 (rs13361707)ZBTB20 (rs9841504) | Alcohol | rs13361707 (TT vs CC): OR = 1.68 (1.41-2.01) | No assoc | No interaction |
| Zhang et al[56], 2013, China | 401/420 (Hospital) | EGFR (6 SNPs) | Salty food, alcohol | rs2072454 (T allele vs C allele):OR = 0.77 (0.61-0.97) | Salty food (P < 0.001); Alcohol drinking (P < 0.006) | No interaction |
- Citation: Kim J, Cho YA, Choi WJ, Jeong SH. Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(28): 9600-9610
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i28/9600.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9600