Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome

Table 1 Studies investigating the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovary syndrome patients by biochemical and/or ultrasound evaluation

Ref.	Patients (n)	Obese patients	PCOS diagnostic criteria	NAFLD laboratory diagnosis	NAFLD ECHO diagnosis
Schwimmer et al[67]	70	74%	NIH	30%1	-
Setji et al[68]	200	ND	NIH	15%	100%2
Cerda et al[72]	41	58.5%	Rotterdam	39%	41.5%
Gambarin-Gelwan et al[83]	88	42%	NIH	15%3	55%
Preiss et al[94]	66	100%	Rotterdam	36%	-
Economou et al[74]	83	45%4	NIH	12%	-
Barfield et al[69]	39	100%	Rotterdam	15.4%	-
Markou et al[75]	17	0	Rotterdam	0%	0%
Vassilatou et al[73]	57	36.8%	AES	22.8%	36.8%
Tan et al[79]	186	53.7%	AES	28.7%	-
Chen et al[76]	279	ND	Rotterdam	20.9%	61.4%5
Lerchbaum et al[77]	611	24.8%	NIH	19.2%	-
Gangale et al[71]	140	ND	Rotterdam	57.8%	57.8%
Ma et al[84]	117	ND	Rotterdam	ND	39.3%
Zueff et al[85]	45	100%	Rotterdam	-	73.3%

¹Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels;

²ECHO evaluation in a subgroup: 16/29 patients with elevated aminotransferase levels;

³Laboratory evaluation in a subgroup: all patients with ECHO findings of hepatic steatosis;

⁴Obese and overweight patients were reported in the same subgroup;

⁵ECHO evaluation in patients with elevated ALT levels. ND: Not defined; NIH: National Institutes of Health; AES: Androgen Excess Society.