Emerging antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis B

Table 1 Approved antivirals for hepatitis B

Generic Names	Brand Name	Manufacturer Name	Original approval or tentative approval date
Interferon alpha-2b	Intron A	Schering	July, 1992
Pegylated interferon	Pegasys	Roche	13-May-05
Lamivudine	Epivir-HBV	GlaxoSmithKline	8-Dec-98
Adefovir dipivoxil	hepsera	Gilead sciences	20-Sep-02
Entecavir	Baraclude	Bristol-myers squibb	29-Mar-05
Telbivudine	Tyzeka	Novartis	25-Oct-06
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	Viread	Gilead sciences	8-Nov-08

Table 2 Emerging antivirals for hepatitis B virus treatment

Family/drug name	Mechanism	Status	Company
Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs
Clevudine	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Approved in S. Korea and Philippines	Bukwang/Eisai
MIV-210 (lagociclovir valactate)	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Phase II	Medivir/Daewoong
Besifovir (LB80380)	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Phase IIb	LG Life Sciences
Tenofovir alafenamide (GS-7340)	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Phase Ib	Gilead
CMX157	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Phase I	Chimerix
AGX-1009	Inhibits viral DNA polymerase	Phase I, China	Agenix
Non-nucleoside antivirals
Myrcludex-B	Entry inhibitor	Phase Ia, Germany	Myr-GmbH
Bay 41-4109	Inhibits viral nucleocapsid	Phase I, Germany	AiCuris
GLS 4	Inhibits viral nucleocapsid	Phase I, China	Sunshine Lake
Phenylpropenamides	Inhibits viral encapsidation	Preclinical
REP 9 AC	HBsAg release inhibitor	Phase Ib	REPLICor Inc.
Nitazoxanide (alinia)	Small Molecule	Preclinical	Romark Labs
dd-RNAi compound	Gene silencing	Preclinical	Benitec/Biomics
ARC-520	RNAigene silencer	Phase I	Arrowhead Research
Immune-based
Zadaxin (thymosin alpha 1)	Immunomodulator	Orphan drug approval in United States for liver cancer	SciClone
NOV-205 (BAM 205)	Immunomodulator	Approved in Russia	Novelos
GS-9620	TLR7-agonist	Phase I	Gilead
GI-13020	HBV antigen	Preclinical	Global Immune
DV-601	Therapeutic HBV vaccine	Phase Ib	Dynavax

HBV: Hepatitis B virus.