MicroRNAs as therapeutic strategy for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

Table 1 Examples of dysregulated miRNAs in hepatitis B virus-infected or hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients at various locations as compared to healthy or non-tumorous controls

Locations	Regulation1	List of miRNAs
HBV serum/plasma	Up	miR-375[64], miR-92a[64], miR-10a[64], miR-223[64], miR-423[64], miR-23b/a[64], miR-342-3p[64], miR-99a[64,75], miR-122a[64], miR-125b[64,75], miR-150[64], let-7c[64], miR-100[75], miR-122[75], miR-122*[75], miR-192[75], miR-192*[75], miR-193b[75], miR-194[75], miR-215[75], miR-365[75], miR-455-5p[75], miR-455-3p[75], miR-483-3p[75], miR-885-5p[75], miR-1247[75]
	Down	-
HBV-HCC serum/plasma	Up	miR-122[81], miR-192[81], miR-194[81], miR-21[81], miR-23b[81], miR-801[81]
	Down	miR-223[81], miR-132[104]
Dysplastic nodules	Up	miR-224[73]
	Down	miR-145[73], miR-199b[73]
HCC tumours	Up	miR-224[74], miR-27a[112], miR-501[110]
	Down	miR-422b[74], miR-122a[74], miR-132[104], miR-148a[108], let-7a[107], miR-101[102]

¹Compared to healthy or non-tumorous controls. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Examples of miRNAs involved in chronic hepatitis B infection or hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

miRNA	Target gene	Process(es) affected
miR-1	HDAC4	HBV replication
	E2F5	Cell proliferation; cell cycle
miR-199a-3p, miR-210	HBV genome	HBV replication and antigen production
miR-501	HBXIP	HBV replication
miR-141	PPARA	HBV replication
miR-29a	PTEN	Cell migration
miR-101	DNMT3A	DNA methylation and gene silencing
let-7	STAT3	Cell proliferation
miR-148a	HPIP	Cell proliferation; migration; EMT

Their validated miRNA targets and subsequent effects on cells are listed accordingly. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.