Non-invasive diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis

Table 1 Diagnostic performance of non-invasive diagnostic methods in predicting cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B

Ref.	Year	Modality	Patients (n)	Cut-offs≥F4	Standard reference	AUROC	Se	Sp	Accuracy	PPV	NPV
Myers et al[107]	2003	Biomarkers	209	0.21	Biopsy	0.780	85.0%	52.0%	-	43.0	92.0
				0.41			54.0%	80.0%	-	53.0	81.0
				0.81			18.0%	99.0%	-	92.0	75.0
Hui et al[109]	2005	Biomarkers	235	> 0.151	Biopsy	0.791	88.0%	50.0%	93.0	38.0	92.0
				> 0.51		0.791	37.0%	88.0%	-	53.0	81.0
Zeng et al[114]	2005	Biomarkers	200	> 3.01	Biopsy	0.770	94.8%	44.1%	-	70.1	86.1
				> 8.71		0.770	35.3%	95.2%	-	91.1	51.6
Marcellin et al[20]	2009	TE	173	18.2 kPa2	Biopsy	0.930	57.0%	97.0%	94.0	67.0	96.0
				11 kPa2	Biopsy	0.930	93.0%	87.0%	38.0	38.0	99.0
Chan et al[19]	2009	TE	161	13.4 kPa2	Biopsy	0.930	75.0%	93.0%	89.0	78.0	92.0
				12 kPa3			79.0%	92.0%	-	76.0	93.0
Kim et al[18]	2009	TE	91	10.3 kPa	Biopsy	0.803	59.0%	78.0%	-	68.0	72.0
Kim et al[52]	2010	TE	104	10.1 kPa	Biopsy	0.849	86.7%	88.1%	-	87.5	77.1
		TE	52	15.5 kPa		0.867	66.7%	100.0%	-	100.0	72.9
Kim et al[138]	2010	LSPI4	330	385	Biopsy	0.956	98.0%	69.2%	-	82.9	95.7
				625			85.9%	93.8%	-	95.5	81.3
				426			96.3%	67.4%	-	73.3	95.1
				946			67.5%	97.7%	-	96.4	76.4
Hu et al[129]	2010	MARS	28	20.32%	Biopsy	0.750	100.0%	-	-	-	-
Ye et al[123]	2011	ARFI	264	1.88 m/s	Biopsy	0.970	95.7%	91.8%	-	-	-
		Spleen ARFI		2.72 m/s		0.960	88.4%	93.2%	-	-	-
Xie et al[84]	2012	RTE7	71	-0.6	Biopsy	0.797	50.0%	96.7%	-	71.4	92.2
		APRI	71		Biopsy	0.930	-	-	-	-	-
Wang et al[85]	2012	RTE	75	90.31	Biopsy	0.660	71.4%	80.0%	-	93.8	40.0
		APRI	75		Biopsy	0.930	-	-	-	-	-
Cassinotto et al[55]	2013	TE8	285	14.1 kPa	Biopsy	0.910	77.0%	92.0%	89.0	74.0	93.0
		TE9	254	10.1 kPa	Biopsy	0.880	85.0%	82.0%	82.0	76.0	96.0
Friedrich-Rust et al[69]	2013	ARFI	92		Biopsy	0.970	-	-	-	-	-
		TE	92		Biopsy	0.930	-	-	-	-	-
Venkatesh et al[92]	2013	MRE	64	4.33 kPa	Biopsy	0.980	100.0%	95.2%	-	91.3	100.0

¹Cut-off value for significant fibrosis;

²Cut-off value with maximum of diagnosis accuracy;

³Cut off value with a maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity;

⁴Liver stiffness measurement × spleen diameter/platelet count;

⁵Cut-off value with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT);

⁶Cut-off value with high ALT;

⁷Elastic strand ratio;

⁸M probe;

⁹XL probe. LSPI: Liver stiffness measurement - spleen diameter to platelet ratio index; TE: Transient elastography; ARFI: Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging; RTE: Real-time elastography; MRE: Magnetic resonance elastography; MARS: Maximal accumulative respiration strain; Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic.