Down-regulated γ-catenin expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness in esophageal cancer

Table 1 Survival information of the patients by clinical characteristics n (%)

Parameter	Five year survival	P value
Age (yr)
< 55	38 (63.2)	0.225
≥ 55	57 (52.6)
Gender
Female	24 (54.2)	1.000
Male	71 (57.7)
Tumor size
≤ 3 cm	30 (56.7)	0.078
3-5 cm	49 (62.5)
> 5 cm	16 (37.5)
Differentiation grade
G1	23 (73.9)	0.060
G2	55 (58.2)
G3	17 (38.5)
Invasive depth
T1 + T2	24 (70.8)	0.169
T3 + T4	71 (52.1)
Regional lymph node metastasis
N0	57 (64.9)	0.034
N1	38 (44.7)
pTNM stage
IA +IB + IIA + IIB	61 (68.9)	0.007
IIIA + IIIB + IIIC + IV	29 (41.4)

Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank test).

Table 2 Relationship between clinicopathological features and γ-catenin mRNA expression n (%)

Parameter	γ-catenin status		P value
	2-ΔΔCT ≤ 0.5	2-ΔΔCT > 0.5
Age (yr)
≤ 55	18 (36)	32 (64)	0.216
> 55	11 (24)	34 (76)
Gender
Female	11 (46)	13 (54)	0.079
Male	18 (25)	53 (75)
Tumor size
≤ 3 cm	11 (37)	19 (63)	0.522
3-5 cm	12 (25)	36 (75)
> 5 cm	5 (31)	11 (69)
Differentiation grade
G1	5 (22)	18 (78)	0.017
G2	13 (24)	42 (76)
G3	8 (62)	5 (38)
Invasive depth
T1 + T2	8 (33)	16 (67)	0.734
T3 + T4	21 (30)	50 (70)
Regional lymph node metastasis
N0	16 (28)	41 (72)	0.528
N1	13 (34)	25 (66)
pTNM stage
IA +IB + IIA + IIB	16 (26)	45 (74)	0.640
IIIA + IIIB + IIIC + IV	9 (31)	20 (69)

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses by γ-catenin expression status

Cox regression analysis		Percentage of survival (95%CI)	P value
Univariate	Time to survival (mo)
2-ΔΔCT ≤ 0.5	31.309 ± 3.343	34.5 (24.757-37.860)	0.007
2-ΔΔCT > 0.5	45.463 ± 2.609	66.7 (40.349-50.576)
Multivariate	Relative risk
Tumor size	1.256	0.751-2.101	0.385
Differentiation grade	1.651	0.914-2.981	0.097
Regional lymph node metastasis	1.846	0.963-3.539	0.065
γ-catenin	0.370	0.189-0.723	0.004