Hepatitis B virus genetic mutations and evolution in liver diseases

Table 1 Possible risk markers for liver injury

ORF	Major Mutations	Clinical status	Ref.
PreS1/S2/S
	preS deletion	CHB	[49-51]
		FHB	[52,53]
		AHB	[54,55]
		HCC	[56-61,78]
		Occult infection	[62]
	W4P/R	male predominace HCC and LC	[23]
S
	T207A	LC	[63]
	T770C	HCC	GenBank no.AY206393
	C695	Occult infection	[64]
	T207A	HBsAg(-)	[65-67]
X
	A1762T/G1764A	LC,HCC	[68,69,71,75-79]
		mild liver histology	[72]
	C1653T	LC,HCC	[75,77-79]
	T1753V	LC,HCC	[75,77-80]
	G1386M	LC,HCC
	B1499	LC,HCC	[75]
	G1613A	LC,HCC	[77,79]
	A1727G	LC,HCC	[76,77]
	G1757A	LC,HCC	[76,77]
	C1766T	LC,HCC	[76-78]
	T1768A	LC,HCC	[77,78]
	A1727G	HCC	[76]
	C1773T	HCC	[76]
preC/C
	A1896T	FHB,HCC	[37,80]
	G1899A	HCC	[37]
	C1913A or C1914T	HCC	[37]
	A2149C/T	HCC	[37]
	A2188T/C	HCC	[37]
	C2198A	HCC	[37]
	C2444A/T	HCC	[37]
	core antigen internal deletions	CHB	[82,83]
		HCC	[84]
		immune-suppressed patients	[85]
P
	G741H	HCC	[89,93]
		CHB	[90-93]

ORF: Opening reading frame; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; FHB: Fulminant hepatitis B; AHB: Acute hepatitis B; LC: Liver cirrhosis.