Hepatitis B virus genotypes: Global distribution and clinical importance

Table 1 Distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes among countries

Country	Genotypes	Sub-genotypes	Ref.
China	B, C	B2, C1, C2	Lin et al[10]
Indonesia	C, B	C1, B3, B7, C10, B9 and C8	Siburian et al[13]
			Prasetyo et al[14]
Tunisia	D, F	-	Ayari et al[15]
Turkey	D	D2, D1, D3	Sunbul et al[16]
Brazil	A, F	A1, F2a, A2, F4	Moura et al[3]
			Nabuco et al[17]
Vietnam	B, C, I	B2-5, C5-16	Shi[18]
Taiwan	B	B2,B5	Kao[19]
South Korea	C	-	Kao[19]
Hong Kong	C,B	-	Kao[19]
Gambia, Nigeria, Haiti, Congo, Rwanda, Cameroon	A	A4, A5, A6, A7	Shi[18]
Japan	A, C	C1, C2, C3	Sakai et al[20]
			Kobayashi et al[21]
Philippines	A, B, C	A1, B5, C5	Sakamoto et al[7]
India	A, C, D	-	Biswas et al[2]
Canada	C, B, A, D		Congly et al[22]
Central African	A, D, E	A1,D4	Komas et al[23]
Republic
Saudi Arabia	D, E	D1	Khan et al[24]
Iran	D	D1	Geramizadeh et al[25]
			Norouzi et al[26]
Mongolia	D	-	Oyunsuren et al[27]
South Africa	D	D3	Yousif et al[28]
Thailand	C, B	C1-5	Louisirirotchanakul et al[29]
Italy	D	-	Lampertico et al[30]
Morocco	D, A	D1, D7, A2	Baha et al[31]
Argentina	F	F1, F2, F4	Torres et al[32]
Egypt	D	D1	Ragheb et al[33]
Pakistan	D	-	Ali et al[34]
Australia	C, D	C4, D4	Davies et al[35]
			Sugauchi et al[36]
Spain	A, D, F	-	Buti et al[37]

Table 2 Comparison of clinical and virological features among hepatitis B virus genotypes

Genotype	B	C	A	D	E-J
Clinical characteristics
Modes of transmission	Perinatal/vertical	Perinatal/vertical	Horizontal	Horizontal	Horizontal
Tendency of chronicity	Lower	Higher	Higher	Lower	ND
Positivity of HBeAg	Lower	Higher	Higher	Lower	ND
HBeAg Seroconversion	Earlier	Later	Earlier	Later	ND
HBsAg seroclearance	More	Less	More	Less	ND
Histological activity	Lower	Higher	Lower	Higher	ND
Clinical outcomes (LC, HCC)	Better	Worse	Better	Worse	Worse in genotype F
Response to INF-α	Higher	Lower	Higher	Lower	Lower in genotype G
Response to nucleos(t)ide analogs	No significant differences among genotypes A to D				ND
Virological characteristics
Serum HBV DNA level	Lower	Higher	ND	ND	ND
Frequency of PC A1896 mutation	Higher	Lower	Lower	Higher	ND
Frequency of basal core promoterT1762/A1764 mutation	Lower	Higher	Higher	Lower	ND
Frequency of preS deletion mutation	Lower	Higher	ND	ND	ND

ND: No data available; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.