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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2014; 20(18): 5363-5374
Published online May 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5363
Published online May 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5363
Table 1 Most frequently prescribed immunosuppressive drugs and potential associated adverse events
| Drug class | Medications | Adverse events |
| Corticosteroids | Methyl prednisone | Bone disease, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, gastrointestinal disease |
| Prednisolone | ||
| Calcineurin inhibitors | Tacrolimus | Kidney disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (tacrolimus) |
| Cyclosporine | ||
| mTOR inhibitors | Sirolimus | Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, kidney disease |
| Everolimus | ||
| Anti-metabolites | Mycophenolate | Bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal disease |
| Azathioprine | ||
| IL-2 receptor antibodies | Basiliximab | |
| Daclizumab | ||
| Polyclonal antibodies | Antithymocyte globulin |
Table 2 Current main indications for liver transplantation
| Category | Disease |
| Acute liver failure | Acute hepatitis A |
| Acute hepatitis B | |
| Drug/toxin hepatotoxicity | |
| Cirrhosis from chronic liver diseases | Chronic hepatitis C virus |
| Chronic hepatitis B virus | |
| Alcoholic liver disease | |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | |
| Cryptogenic liver disease | |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis | |
| Secondary biliary cirrhosis | |
| Metabolic disorders | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency |
| Hereditary haemochromatosis | |
| Wilson’s disease | |
| Glycogen-storage disorders | |
| Type 1 hyperoxaluria | |
| Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia | |
| Malignancies | Primary hepatic cancer: hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma |
| Metastatic: carcinoid tumours and islet cell tumours | |
| Miscellaneous | Polycystic liver disease |
| Budd-Chiari syndrome |
Table 3 Current absolute and relative contraindications in liver transplantation
| Absolute contraindications |
| Active extrahepatic malignancy |
| Hepatic malignancy with macrovascular or diffuse tumour invasion |
| Uncontrolled infection, except infection of the hepatobiliary system |
| Active substance or alcohol abuse |
| Severe comorbid conditions |
| Noncompliance or insufficient motivation |
| Technical impediment |
| Brain death |
| Relative contraindications |
| Advanced age |
| HIV infection |
| Cholangiocarcinoma |
| Portal vein thrombosis |
| Psychosocial problems |
- Citation: Song ATW, Avelino-Silva VI, Pecora RAA, Pugliese V, D’Albuquerque LAC, Abdala E. Liver transplantation: Fifty years of experience. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(18): 5363-5374
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i18/5363.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5363