Hepatitis B and C viruses are not risks for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of study population n (%)

Characteristics	Cases (n = 585)	Controls (n = 1716)
Age, yr
Median	62.00	62.00
mean ± SD	63.81 ± 13.73	63.11 ± 8.89
Sex
Female	273 (46.7)	837 (48.8)
Male	312 (53.3)	879 (51.2)
DMb	137 (23.4)	155 (9.0)
Smokinga	117 (20.0)	240 (14.0)

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group.

Table 2 Pancreatic cancer risk factors and association of pancreatic cancer with hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection: univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis

Variables	Cases (n = 585)	Controls (n = 1716)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Hepatitis C
Anti-HCV+	3.8%	2.6%	1.45	0.86-2.43	1.36	0.80-2.31
Hepatitis B
HBsAg+	12.5%	12.4%	1.01	0.86-1.34
Anti-HBs+	57.8%	61.0%	1.14	0.95-1.39
Anti-HBc+	66.0%	66.4%	1.02	0.84-1.24
HBsAg-/anti-HBc-/anti-HBs-	15.2%	13.6%	1.14	0.88-1.49	1.00	Ref
HBsAg+/anti-HBc+/anti-HBs-	10.3%	12.4%	1.24	0.92-1.68	1.22	0.89-1.68
HBsAg-/anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+	42.7%	41.0%	1.07	0.89-1.29	1.03	0.84-1.25
Age					1.01	0.99-1.02
Male sex	53.3%	51.2%	1.08	0.89-1.30	1.13	0.91-1.40
DM	23.4%	9.0%	3.08b	2.39-3.97	2.08b	1.56-2.76
Smoking	20.0%	14.0%	1.54a	1.20-1.96	1.36a	1.02-1.80

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group in regression analysis. Blood samples were tested for the presence of anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc in all cases and controls. HBsAg^-/anti-HBc^-/anti-HBs^-: HBV infection naïve; HBsAg⁺/anti-HBc⁺/anti-HBs^-: chronic HBV infection; HBsAg^-/anti-HBc⁺/anti-HBs⁺: acquired immunity to HBV infection.