Dietary habits of colorectal neoplasia patients in comparison to their first-degree relatives

Table 1 Characteristics of the study groups n (%)

Characteristics	Patients	FDR with neoplasia	FDR without neoplasia	Controls	P value (χ2)
Male sex	143/242 (59)	30/55 (56)	36/105 (34)	66/123 (54)	0.001
Obesity	68/242 (28)	15/55 (27)	23/105 (22)	27/123 (22)	0.478
Smoking, current/former	123/242 (51)	28/55 (51)	32/105 (30)	48/123 (39)	0.006
High fat intake	102/242 (42)	28/55 (51)	35/105 (33)	52/123 (42)	0.175
High red meat consumption	171/242 (71)	37/55 (67)	65/105 (62)	62/123 (50)	0.002
Beer consumption	155/242 (64)	35/55 (64)	54/105 (51)	83/123 (67)	0.070
Low intake of dairy products	81/242 (33)	22/55 (40)	27/105 (26)	45/123 (37)	0.219
Low fruit and vegetable consumption	72/242 (30)	14/55 (25)	25/105 (24)	46/123 (37)	0.128
Primary education attainment	134/242 (55)	15/55 (27)	27/105 (26)	47/123 (38)	0.001

FDR: First-degree relatives.

Table 2 Comparison of dietary habits between colorectal neoplasias patients and first-degree relatives with/without neoplasia (χ²/Fisher’s exact test)

Comparison	Male patients vs FDR with neoplasia	Male patients vs FDR without neoplasia	Female patients vs FDR with neoplasia	Female patients vs FDR without neoplasia
Obesity	0.274	0.101	0.207	0.642
Smoking	0.975	0.001	0.727	0.645
High fat intake	0.247	0.912	0.451	0.460
High red meat consumption	0.621	0.738	0.956	0.474
Beer consumption	0.674	0.263	0.558	0.316
Low intake of dairy products	0.932	0.976	0.143	0.328
Low fruit and vegetable consumption	0.553	0.794	1.000	0.707
Education attainment	0.0021	0.0041	0.260	0.0011

¹Higher education attainment in first-degree relatives (FDR).

Table 3 Comparison of dietary habits between controls and first-degree relatives with/without neoplasia (χ²/Fisher’s exact test)

Comparison	Male controls vs FDR with neoplasia	Male controls vs FDR without neoplasia	Female controls vs FDR with neoplasia	Female controls vs FDR without neoplasia
Obesity	0.816	0.833	0.379	0.959
Smoking	0.281	0.078	0.289	0.578
High fat intake	0.281	0.090	0.375	0.685
High red meat consumption	0.284	0.187	0.052	0.0412
Beer consumption	0.0451	0.749	0.456	0.535
Low intake of dairy products	0.618	0.522	0.215	0.315
Low fruit and vegetable consumption	0.0491	0.780	1.000	0.794
Education attainment	0.095	0.188	0.444	0.199

¹Male controls have higher beer consumption and lower consumption of fruits and vegetables;

²Female controls have higher red meat consumption. FDR: First-degree relatives.

Table 4 Comparison of dietary habits in all groups: males vs females (χ²/Fisher’s exact test)

Comparison	Males vs females
	Patients	FDR with neoplasia	FDR without neoplasia	Controls
Obesity	0.023	0.472	0.659	0.831
Smoking	0.001	0.044	0.646	0.002
High fat intake	0.001	0.044	0.002	0.004
High red meat consumption	0.004	0.294	0.045	0.005
Beer consumption	0.001	0.102	0.001	0.001
Low intake of dairy products	0.024	1.000	0.026	0.028
Low fruit and vegetable consumption	0.016	0.537	0.098	0.001
Education attainment	0.756	0.104	0.727	0.508

FDR: First-degree relatives.