Successful treatment of liver abscess secondary to foreign body penetration of the alimentary tract: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Diagnostic tools adopted for the diagnosis of foreign body penetration of the alimentary tract from the literature review

Diagnostic tools	n (%)
Computed tomography	53 (60.20)
Ultrasonography	21 (23.90)
Radiographs	14 (15.90)
Laparotomy	13 (14.80)
Autopsy	7 (7.95)
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy	4 (4.55)
Colonoscopy	3 (3.41)
Endoscopic ultrasonography	1 (1.14)

Table 2 Prevalence of bacterial flora identified in patients with foreign body penetration of the alimentary tract with liver abscess formation

Bacterial flora	Prevalence	No. of patients
Streptococcus sp.	72.30%	34
Escherichia coli	17.00%	8
Klebsiella pneumoniae	10.60%	5
Gram (+) cocci	6.38%	3
Bacteroids sp.	4.26%	2
Eikenella corrodens	4.26%	2
Enterobacter cloacae	4.26%	2
Mixed anaerobes	4.26%	2
Staphylococcus aureus	4.26%	2
Anaerobic Gram (+) cocci	2.13%	1
Candida sp.	2.13%	1
Enterococcus sp.	2.13%	1
Gram (+) bacilli	2.13%	1
Gram (-) bacilli	2.13%	1
Proteus sp.	2.13%	1

Table 3 Procedures for foreign body removal in 88 reported patients

Procedures	n (%)
Surgery	62 (70.50)
Laparotomy	54 (61.40)
Laparoscopy	8 (9.10)
Endoscopic intervention	10 (11.36)
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy	4 (4.55)
Colonoscopy	4 (4.55)
Sigmoidoscopy	1 (1.14)
Single balloon enteroscopy	1 (1.14)
Autopsy	7 (7.95)
Foreign body not removed	3 (3.41)
Spontaneous passage	2 (2.27)
Not mentioned	2 (2.27)
Percutaneous interventional radiological approach	1 (1.14)
Ultrasound guided fluoroscopy	1 (1.14)

Table 4 Management strategies for liver abscesses caused by foreign body penetration of the alimentary tract in the 88 reported patients

Procedures	n (%)
Drainage via laparotomy	43 (48.86)
Image guided drainage	18 (20.45)
Hepatectomy	8 (9.10)
Laparotomy	6 (6.82)
Laparoscopy	2 (2.27)
Autopsy	7 (7.95)
Antibiotics alone	6 (6.82)
Laparoscopic drainage	5 (5.68)
Not mentioned	1 (1.14)